NR 566 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated
during pregnancy?
A. Labetalol
B. Methyldopa
C. Lisinopril
D. Nifedipine
Correct Answer: C. Lisinopril
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril are teratogenic and
may cause fetal renal damage, oligohydramnios, skull
abnormalities, and fetal death. Labetalol, methyldopa, and
nifedipine are commonly used during pregnancy.
2. A patient taking warfarin should have which laboratory test
monitored routinely?
A. Hemoglobin A1C
B. INR
C. Serum potassium
D. Troponin
Correct Answer: B. INR
,Rationale: INR measures anticoagulation effectiveness and
helps adjust warfarin dosage while minimizing bleeding risk.
3. Which medication is considered first-line therapy for type 2
diabetes unless contraindicated?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B. Metformin
Rationale: Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, lowers
hepatic glucose production, promotes modest weight loss, and
has cardiovascular benefits.
4. Which adverse effect is most associated with ACE
inhibitors?
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Constipation
D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: B. Dry cough
,Rationale: Increased bradykinin accumulation commonly
causes a persistent dry cough with ACE inhibitors.
5. A patient develops angioedema after taking lisinopril. What
is the best action?
A. Continue therapy
B. Reduce the dose
C. Stop the medication immediately
D. Switch to another ACE inhibitor
Correct Answer: C. Stop the medication immediately
Rationale: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse reaction
requiring immediate discontinuation.
6. Which medication class decreases LDL cholesterol most
effectively?
A. Fibrates
B. Niacin
C. Statins
D. Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct Answer: C. Statins
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, significantly
lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular events.
, 7. Which statin adverse effect requires immediate evaluation?
A. Mild headache
B. Muscle pain with dark urine
C. Dry mouth
D. Mild nausea
Correct Answer: B. Muscle pain with dark urine
Rationale: This suggests rhabdomyolysis, a rare but serious
complication requiring immediate intervention.
8. Which electrolyte abnormality commonly occurs with loop
diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, leading
to hypokalemia.
9. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2027 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated
during pregnancy?
A. Labetalol
B. Methyldopa
C. Lisinopril
D. Nifedipine
Correct Answer: C. Lisinopril
Rationale: ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril are teratogenic and
may cause fetal renal damage, oligohydramnios, skull
abnormalities, and fetal death. Labetalol, methyldopa, and
nifedipine are commonly used during pregnancy.
2. A patient taking warfarin should have which laboratory test
monitored routinely?
A. Hemoglobin A1C
B. INR
C. Serum potassium
D. Troponin
Correct Answer: B. INR
,Rationale: INR measures anticoagulation effectiveness and
helps adjust warfarin dosage while minimizing bleeding risk.
3. Which medication is considered first-line therapy for type 2
diabetes unless contraindicated?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Pioglitazone
D. Sitagliptin
Correct Answer: B. Metformin
Rationale: Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, lowers
hepatic glucose production, promotes modest weight loss, and
has cardiovascular benefits.
4. Which adverse effect is most associated with ACE
inhibitors?
A. Bradycardia
B. Dry cough
C. Constipation
D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: B. Dry cough
,Rationale: Increased bradykinin accumulation commonly
causes a persistent dry cough with ACE inhibitors.
5. A patient develops angioedema after taking lisinopril. What
is the best action?
A. Continue therapy
B. Reduce the dose
C. Stop the medication immediately
D. Switch to another ACE inhibitor
Correct Answer: C. Stop the medication immediately
Rationale: Angioedema is a life-threatening adverse reaction
requiring immediate discontinuation.
6. Which medication class decreases LDL cholesterol most
effectively?
A. Fibrates
B. Niacin
C. Statins
D. Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct Answer: C. Statins
Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, significantly
lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular events.
, 7. Which statin adverse effect requires immediate evaluation?
A. Mild headache
B. Muscle pain with dark urine
C. Dry mouth
D. Mild nausea
Correct Answer: B. Muscle pain with dark urine
Rationale: This suggests rhabdomyolysis, a rare but serious
complication requiring immediate intervention.
8. Which electrolyte abnormality commonly occurs with loop
diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, leading
to hypokalemia.
9. Which beta-blocker is cardioselective?
