NSG 530 / NSG 530 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes

NSG 530 / NSG 530
EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE

Advanced Pathophysiology – Wilkes



THIS GUIDE CONTAINS:
 tailored to advanced practice nursing students

at Wilkes University.

 Focusing on key concepts

 is organized for clarity and comprehensive review.

 Expert-Verified

,## NSG 530 Exam 4 Study Guide



### Hematologic Disorders

#### Anemia



**1. Iron Deficiency Anemia**

- **Pathophysiology:** Caused by decreased iron availability for
erythropoiesis due to blood loss, inadequate intake/absorption, or
increased demand (e.g., pregnancy).

- **Clinical Features:** Microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Fatigue,
pallor, pica.

- **Diagnostics:** ↓ Ferritin, ↑ TIBC, ↓ serum iron, microcytic
RBCs.

- **Treatment:** Address underlying cause, oral iron
supplementation.



**2. Pernicious Anemia**

- **Pathophysiology:** Vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of
intrinsic factor, often autoimmune.

, - **Clinical Features:** Macrocytic anemia; neurologic symptoms
(paresthesia, ataxia).

- **Diagnostics:** ↑ MCV, low serum B12, anti-intrinsic factor
antibodies.

- **Treatment:** Parenteral vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
injections.



**3. Anemia of Chronic Disease**

- **Pathophysiology:** Chronic inflammation causes impaired iron
utilization; often seen in chronic infections, autoimmune disorders,
malignancy.

- **Diagnostics:** Normocytic or microcytic anemia, ↑ ferritin, ↓
TIBC.

- **Treatment:** Manage underlying disease; erythropoietin if
severe.



**4. Thalassemia**

- **Pathophysiology:** Inherited defects in hemoglobin synthesis
(alpha or beta chains).