PHARM 1141 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the mechanism of action for beta blockers? - (ANSWER)block beta receptors, which prevents
naturally occurring catecholamines from stimulating. thus heart rate, cardiac output, and bp are
reduced.
also inhibit renin release, thus RAAS is reduced, lowering hypertension
What does RAAS do? - (ANSWER)A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid)
balance.
When blood volume is low, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation.
Plasma renin then carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen released by the liver to angiotensin I.
Angiotensin I is subsequently converted to angiotensin II by ACE found in the lungs. Angiotensin II is a
potent vaso-active peptide that causes blood vessels to constrict, resulting in increased blood pressure.
Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the
blood. This increases the volume of fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.
What are beta blockers (BBs) used for? - (ANSWER)--> used extensively to treat post-MI
also used for:
-hypertension
-angina pectoris
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-symptoms of hyperthyroidism
-stage fright.
What are some contraindications of BBs? - (ANSWER)--use WITH caution in patients w/ diabetes and/or
with those who are susceptible to hypoglycemia ((BB mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia))
--NOT as effective in african americans
, PHARM 1141 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
--NOT for pts with asthma, uncontrolled heart failure, heart failure caused by systolic dysfunction, and
peripheral vascular disease
What is the difference between selective and nonselective beta blockers? - (ANSWER)Nonselective
agents have an equal affinity for beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, and they inhibit both.
Selective agents exhibit action against the heart's beta-1 receptors (cardioselective) and do not readily
affect the beta-2 receptors of the bronchi.
What is an important patient education aspect about BBs? - (ANSWER)to avoid rapid discontinuation of
drug, and rather a controlled, slow decline over a couple of weeks
What are 3 SELECTIVE BBs? - (ANSWER)1. atenolol (Tenormin)
2. esmolol (Brevibloc)
3. metoprolol (Lopressor)
What is metoprolol (Lopressor) used for? - (ANSWER)HTN, angina, MI, heart failure
What is esmolol (Brevibloc) used for? - (ANSWER)HTN, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
What is atenolol (Tenormin) used for? - (ANSWER)post MI treatment, HTN, angina
Why would selective beta blockers be more beneficial in a patient compared to nonselective beta
blockers? - (ANSWER)Selective BBs would be more beneficial for those with asthma, as nonselective BBs
could induce bronchospasm
Who may not be appropriate to receive nonselective BB therapy? - (ANSWER)Patients with respiratory
conditions such as bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or allergic rhinitis.
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the mechanism of action for beta blockers? - (ANSWER)block beta receptors, which prevents
naturally occurring catecholamines from stimulating. thus heart rate, cardiac output, and bp are
reduced.
also inhibit renin release, thus RAAS is reduced, lowering hypertension
What does RAAS do? - (ANSWER)A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water (fluid)
balance.
When blood volume is low, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation.
Plasma renin then carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen released by the liver to angiotensin I.
Angiotensin I is subsequently converted to angiotensin II by ACE found in the lungs. Angiotensin II is a
potent vaso-active peptide that causes blood vessels to constrict, resulting in increased blood pressure.
Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex.
Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the
blood. This increases the volume of fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.
What are beta blockers (BBs) used for? - (ANSWER)--> used extensively to treat post-MI
also used for:
-hypertension
-angina pectoris
-cardiac dysrhythmias
-symptoms of hyperthyroidism
-stage fright.
What are some contraindications of BBs? - (ANSWER)--use WITH caution in patients w/ diabetes and/or
with those who are susceptible to hypoglycemia ((BB mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia))
--NOT as effective in african americans
, PHARM 1141 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND
100% ACCURATE ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
--NOT for pts with asthma, uncontrolled heart failure, heart failure caused by systolic dysfunction, and
peripheral vascular disease
What is the difference between selective and nonselective beta blockers? - (ANSWER)Nonselective
agents have an equal affinity for beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, and they inhibit both.
Selective agents exhibit action against the heart's beta-1 receptors (cardioselective) and do not readily
affect the beta-2 receptors of the bronchi.
What is an important patient education aspect about BBs? - (ANSWER)to avoid rapid discontinuation of
drug, and rather a controlled, slow decline over a couple of weeks
What are 3 SELECTIVE BBs? - (ANSWER)1. atenolol (Tenormin)
2. esmolol (Brevibloc)
3. metoprolol (Lopressor)
What is metoprolol (Lopressor) used for? - (ANSWER)HTN, angina, MI, heart failure
What is esmolol (Brevibloc) used for? - (ANSWER)HTN, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
What is atenolol (Tenormin) used for? - (ANSWER)post MI treatment, HTN, angina
Why would selective beta blockers be more beneficial in a patient compared to nonselective beta
blockers? - (ANSWER)Selective BBs would be more beneficial for those with asthma, as nonselective BBs
could induce bronchospasm
Who may not be appropriate to receive nonselective BB therapy? - (ANSWER)Patients with respiratory
conditions such as bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or allergic rhinitis.
