ATI FUNDAMENTALS RETAKE EXAM –
350 UNIQUE MULTIPLE-CHOICE
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
SECTION 1: SAFETY & INFECTION CONTROL (Questions 1-45)
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client with *Clostridiodes difficile* infection. Which of
the following infection control precautions should the nurse implement?
A. Standard precautions only
B. Droplet precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Contact precautions
Answer: D. Contact precautions
,Rationale: *C. difficile* is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and spores can
survive on environmental surfaces for extended periods. Contact precautions
require the use of gloves and gown when entering the room, dedicated
equipment, and thorough hand hygiene with soap and water (alcohol-based
hand sanitizers are ineffective against *C. difficile* spores). Standard
precautions alone are insufficient. Droplet precautions are for pathogens
transmitted via respiratory droplets (e.g., influenza), and airborne
precautions are for pathogens transmitted via small particle droplets that
remain suspended in air (e.g., tuberculosis).
---
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the
following actions is essential to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary
tract infection (CAUTI)?
A. Use sterile technique during insertion
B. Apply topical antibiotic ointment to the meatus after insertion
C. Change the catheter every 24 hours
D. Use the largest catheter size available
Answer: A. Use sterile technique during insertion
Rationale: Maintaining sterile technique during urinary catheter insertion is
the single most important intervention to prevent CAUTI. Applying antibiotic
ointment is not recommended and may promote resistance. Catheters should
not be changed routinely every 24 hours—this increases infection risk. Using
the smallest appropriate catheter size minimizes urethral trauma and reduces
infection risk.
,---
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which
type of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate?
A. Standard precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Airborne precautions
Answer: D. Airborne precautions
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei that remain
suspended in the air and can be inhaled. Airborne precautions require a
negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room, N95 respirator (or
higher level) for healthcare workers, and the client wearing a surgical mask
when leaving the room. Standard precautions alone are insufficient.
---
Question 4
A nurse is performing hand hygiene. Which of the following is correct
regarding the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer?
A. It is effective against *C. difficile* spores
, B. It should be used when hands are visibly soiled
C. It is preferred over soap and water when hands are not visibly soiled
D. It eliminates the need for glove use
Answer: C. It is preferred over soap and water when hands are not visibly
soiled
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are the preferred method for routine
hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled because they are effective,
fast-acting, and less drying to skin. They are NOT effective against *C. difficile*
spores, nor against norovirus. Soap and water must be used when hands are
visibly soiled or when caring for clients with *C. difficile* or norovirus. Hand
sanitizer does not replace the need for gloves.
---
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a surgical wound infection with
methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don when entering the client's
room?
A. Gloves only
B. Gloves and gown
C. Gloves, gown, and N95 respirator
D. Gloves, gown, and surgical mask
Answer: B. Gloves and gown
350 UNIQUE MULTIPLE-CHOICE
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES
SECTION 1: SAFETY & INFECTION CONTROL (Questions 1-45)
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client with *Clostridiodes difficile* infection. Which of
the following infection control precautions should the nurse implement?
A. Standard precautions only
B. Droplet precautions
C. Airborne precautions
D. Contact precautions
Answer: D. Contact precautions
,Rationale: *C. difficile* is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and spores can
survive on environmental surfaces for extended periods. Contact precautions
require the use of gloves and gown when entering the room, dedicated
equipment, and thorough hand hygiene with soap and water (alcohol-based
hand sanitizers are ineffective against *C. difficile* spores). Standard
precautions alone are insufficient. Droplet precautions are for pathogens
transmitted via respiratory droplets (e.g., influenza), and airborne
precautions are for pathogens transmitted via small particle droplets that
remain suspended in air (e.g., tuberculosis).
---
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the
following actions is essential to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary
tract infection (CAUTI)?
A. Use sterile technique during insertion
B. Apply topical antibiotic ointment to the meatus after insertion
C. Change the catheter every 24 hours
D. Use the largest catheter size available
Answer: A. Use sterile technique during insertion
Rationale: Maintaining sterile technique during urinary catheter insertion is
the single most important intervention to prevent CAUTI. Applying antibiotic
ointment is not recommended and may promote resistance. Catheters should
not be changed routinely every 24 hours—this increases infection risk. Using
the smallest appropriate catheter size minimizes urethral trauma and reduces
infection risk.
,---
Question 3
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which
type of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate?
A. Standard precautions
B. Contact precautions
C. Droplet precautions
D. Airborne precautions
Answer: D. Airborne precautions
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei that remain
suspended in the air and can be inhaled. Airborne precautions require a
negative-pressure airborne infection isolation room, N95 respirator (or
higher level) for healthcare workers, and the client wearing a surgical mask
when leaving the room. Standard precautions alone are insufficient.
---
Question 4
A nurse is performing hand hygiene. Which of the following is correct
regarding the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer?
A. It is effective against *C. difficile* spores
, B. It should be used when hands are visibly soiled
C. It is preferred over soap and water when hands are not visibly soiled
D. It eliminates the need for glove use
Answer: C. It is preferred over soap and water when hands are not visibly
soiled
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are the preferred method for routine
hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled because they are effective,
fast-acting, and less drying to skin. They are NOT effective against *C. difficile*
spores, nor against norovirus. Soap and water must be used when hands are
visibly soiled or when caring for clients with *C. difficile* or norovirus. Hand
sanitizer does not replace the need for gloves.
---
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a surgical wound infection with
methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA). Which personal
protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don when entering the client's
room?
A. Gloves only
B. Gloves and gown
C. Gloves, gown, and N95 respirator
D. Gloves, gown, and surgical mask
Answer: B. Gloves and gown
