APHY 201 Digestion and Absorption Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Question 1:
Overview of digestive function
Answer:
....From food, humans must get basic organic molecules for use as a
source of energy to make ATP, build tissues, and serve as cofactors and coenzymes. In order to
do this,
Question 2:
Physiological mechanisms must exist to both digest and absorb each of the four major classes
of organic
Answer:
food must be both digested and absorbed
Question 3:
In addition to this, essential vitamins and minerals are not chemically digested but still must be
Answer:
biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids extracted from food and
absorbed
Question 4:
Overview of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Answer:
....Carbohydrates provide 50% of the energy in
an average adult American diet. Polysaccharides and disaccharides must be digested to
Question 5:
Digestion of short polysaccharides occurs in both the duodenum and jejunum. Most absorption
occurs
Answer:
Enzymatic digestion of long polysaccharides takes place mainly in the duodenum in the jejunum
with a small amount in the ileum.
,Question 6:
Overview of digestion and absorption of proteins
Answer:
....Proteins provide 16% of the energy in an average
adult American diet. The amino acids are also crucial as raw material for protein synthesis, 11 of
the 20 amino acids can be synthesized by humans but the other 9 are essential and must be
ingested in
Question 7:
In adults, proteins must be digested into free amino acids to be absorbed, however infants
absorb
Answer:
sufficient quantitiessignificant amounts of undigested whole proteins including functional
immunoglobin from breast milk Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the stomach but
mainly occurs in the duodenum. Absorption takes place mainly in the jejunum with a small
amount in the ileum
Question 8:
Overview of digestion and absorption of lipids
Answer:
....Lipids provide 34% of the energy in an average adultamerican diet. Triglycerides and
phospholipids must be broken down into free fatty acids and some other constituents to be
absorbed. They are used for energy and as raw material to synthesize lipids. Two fatty acids,
alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid that are required for prostaglandin synthesis
Question 9:
Some enzymatic digestion takes place in the mouth and stomach, but most occurs in the small
intestine
Answer:
among other things cannot themselves be synthesized and thus are essential in the diet
Question 10:
Absorption requires the lymphatic system in a more complex process than other nutrients
Answer:
with the assistance of emulsification
, Question 11:
Overview of digestion and absorption of nucleic acids
Answer:
....Nucleic acids do not provide energy and far less isunderstood about their absorption. They
are now thought to play crucial roles in infant nutrition and may be conditionally essential in
adults with certain pathological conditions affecting increased tissue
Question 12:
Enzymatic digestion of long nucleic acid polymers begins in the stomach with pepsin and
continues in
Answer:
needs for nucleotidesthe duodenum. Absorption is not well understood at present, but clearly
takes place in the jejunum
Question 13:
Mouth and esophagus (mastication, saliva, salivary amylase, salivary lipase)
Answer:
....Food first enters the
mouth where mastication and immersion with saliva takes place. Mastication is necessary to
Question 14:
Saliva contains a mix of mucous and serous secretions and serves to dissolve food to allow for
gustation.
Answer:
mechanically break food down into smaller pieces.
Question 15:
The amount of digestion that takes place is insignificant from a nutrition standpoint, but critical
to
Answer:
It also contains salivary amylase, which digests starch and salivary lipase
Question 16:
The mouth, pharynx, and upper esophagus have skeletal muscles and somatic motor and
sensory
Answer:
facilitate gustation
innervation. The lower esophagus is innervated autonomically by the vagus nerve and has
smooth
Question 1:
Overview of digestive function
Answer:
....From food, humans must get basic organic molecules for use as a
source of energy to make ATP, build tissues, and serve as cofactors and coenzymes. In order to
do this,
Question 2:
Physiological mechanisms must exist to both digest and absorb each of the four major classes
of organic
Answer:
food must be both digested and absorbed
Question 3:
In addition to this, essential vitamins and minerals are not chemically digested but still must be
Answer:
biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids extracted from food and
absorbed
Question 4:
Overview of digestion and absorption of carbohydrates
Answer:
....Carbohydrates provide 50% of the energy in
an average adult American diet. Polysaccharides and disaccharides must be digested to
Question 5:
Digestion of short polysaccharides occurs in both the duodenum and jejunum. Most absorption
occurs
Answer:
Enzymatic digestion of long polysaccharides takes place mainly in the duodenum in the jejunum
with a small amount in the ileum.
,Question 6:
Overview of digestion and absorption of proteins
Answer:
....Proteins provide 16% of the energy in an average
adult American diet. The amino acids are also crucial as raw material for protein synthesis, 11 of
the 20 amino acids can be synthesized by humans but the other 9 are essential and must be
ingested in
Question 7:
In adults, proteins must be digested into free amino acids to be absorbed, however infants
absorb
Answer:
sufficient quantitiessignificant amounts of undigested whole proteins including functional
immunoglobin from breast milk Enzymatic digestion of proteins begins in the stomach but
mainly occurs in the duodenum. Absorption takes place mainly in the jejunum with a small
amount in the ileum
Question 8:
Overview of digestion and absorption of lipids
Answer:
....Lipids provide 34% of the energy in an average adultamerican diet. Triglycerides and
phospholipids must be broken down into free fatty acids and some other constituents to be
absorbed. They are used for energy and as raw material to synthesize lipids. Two fatty acids,
alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid that are required for prostaglandin synthesis
Question 9:
Some enzymatic digestion takes place in the mouth and stomach, but most occurs in the small
intestine
Answer:
among other things cannot themselves be synthesized and thus are essential in the diet
Question 10:
Absorption requires the lymphatic system in a more complex process than other nutrients
Answer:
with the assistance of emulsification
, Question 11:
Overview of digestion and absorption of nucleic acids
Answer:
....Nucleic acids do not provide energy and far less isunderstood about their absorption. They
are now thought to play crucial roles in infant nutrition and may be conditionally essential in
adults with certain pathological conditions affecting increased tissue
Question 12:
Enzymatic digestion of long nucleic acid polymers begins in the stomach with pepsin and
continues in
Answer:
needs for nucleotidesthe duodenum. Absorption is not well understood at present, but clearly
takes place in the jejunum
Question 13:
Mouth and esophagus (mastication, saliva, salivary amylase, salivary lipase)
Answer:
....Food first enters the
mouth where mastication and immersion with saliva takes place. Mastication is necessary to
Question 14:
Saliva contains a mix of mucous and serous secretions and serves to dissolve food to allow for
gustation.
Answer:
mechanically break food down into smaller pieces.
Question 15:
The amount of digestion that takes place is insignificant from a nutrition standpoint, but critical
to
Answer:
It also contains salivary amylase, which digests starch and salivary lipase
Question 16:
The mouth, pharynx, and upper esophagus have skeletal muscles and somatic motor and
sensory
Answer:
facilitate gustation
innervation. The lower esophagus is innervated autonomically by the vagus nerve and has
smooth
