APHY 201 Module 12 Fluid and Acid-Base Balance Ivy Tech Questions with
Correct Answers
Question 1:
Renin converts angiotensinogen, a blood protein made by the liver, into
Answer:
angiotensin I
Question 2:
In the lungs, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
functions
aldosterone
promote water retention and increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Answer:
angiotensin II
vasoconstrict blood vessels, stimulate release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex, stimulate
hypothalamus to produce thirst, stimulate release of antidiuretic hormone from posterior
pituitary a hormone produced by the adrenal gland to act in the DCT and collecting ducts to aid
in the conservation of sodium and secretion of potassium due to insertion of Na+/K+ pumps.
This will
Question 3:
Where does aldosterone and ADH exert effects? antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
conservation of water.
Answer:
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary causes the permeability of the distal tubule and
collection ducts to water to increase due to insertion of aquaporins, and thus promotes the
Question 4:
When ADH levels are low, the lack of aquaporins in the DCT and collecting ducts will cause?
osmosis
as
Answer:
dilute urine and a reduced volume of body fluids
water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid by moving through aquaporins in a process known
, Question 5:
Aquaporins always present in PCT to enhance osmosis
Answer:
obligatory water reabsorption
Question 6:
Aquaporins inserted in collecting ducts only if ADH present proximal convoluted tubule
Answer:
facultative water reabsorption
Question 7:
All nutrients, e.g., glucose and amino acids 65% of Na+ and water, many ions
Answer:
Site of most reabsorption nephron loop
Question 8:
Descending limb
Answer:
H2O is reabsorbed but solutes are not causing filtrate to be concentrated.
Question 9:
Ascending limb mechanism.
distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts parathyroid hormone)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) the urine
ANP functions parathyroid hormone
reabsorption and blocks HPO42- reabsorption thirst mechanism
driving force for water intake; governed by hypothalamus tubular secretion
mostly in the PCT countercurrent mechanism
loop. Allows kidneys to vary urine concentration.
Answer:
H2O cannot leave; solutes can. Responsible for creating countercurrent
only modify filtrate if hormones are present (aldosterone, ADH, atrial natriuretic peptide, or
released by cells in atrium of the heart when blood pressure is high to cause sodium to be lost
in decrease sodium reabsorption in the DCT; vasodilation of afferent arteriole to increase GFR;
inhibiting ADH release from posterior pitiuitary; decreasing blood volume and blood pressure
acts on the ascending nephron loop, distal tubule, and collecting tubule to increase Ca2+
the process by which certain substances are transported from plasma to the tubular fluid;
removes various organic compounds, hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance; occurs
establish and maintain osmotic gradient (300 mOsm to 1200 mOsm) from renal cortex through
medulla due to nephron loop saving water on descending loop and saving solutes on ascending
Correct Answers
Question 1:
Renin converts angiotensinogen, a blood protein made by the liver, into
Answer:
angiotensin I
Question 2:
In the lungs, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
functions
aldosterone
promote water retention and increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Answer:
angiotensin II
vasoconstrict blood vessels, stimulate release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex, stimulate
hypothalamus to produce thirst, stimulate release of antidiuretic hormone from posterior
pituitary a hormone produced by the adrenal gland to act in the DCT and collecting ducts to aid
in the conservation of sodium and secretion of potassium due to insertion of Na+/K+ pumps.
This will
Question 3:
Where does aldosterone and ADH exert effects? antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
conservation of water.
Answer:
distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary causes the permeability of the distal tubule and
collection ducts to water to increase due to insertion of aquaporins, and thus promotes the
Question 4:
When ADH levels are low, the lack of aquaporins in the DCT and collecting ducts will cause?
osmosis
as
Answer:
dilute urine and a reduced volume of body fluids
water is reabsorbed into the interstitial fluid by moving through aquaporins in a process known
, Question 5:
Aquaporins always present in PCT to enhance osmosis
Answer:
obligatory water reabsorption
Question 6:
Aquaporins inserted in collecting ducts only if ADH present proximal convoluted tubule
Answer:
facultative water reabsorption
Question 7:
All nutrients, e.g., glucose and amino acids 65% of Na+ and water, many ions
Answer:
Site of most reabsorption nephron loop
Question 8:
Descending limb
Answer:
H2O is reabsorbed but solutes are not causing filtrate to be concentrated.
Question 9:
Ascending limb mechanism.
distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts parathyroid hormone)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) the urine
ANP functions parathyroid hormone
reabsorption and blocks HPO42- reabsorption thirst mechanism
driving force for water intake; governed by hypothalamus tubular secretion
mostly in the PCT countercurrent mechanism
loop. Allows kidneys to vary urine concentration.
Answer:
H2O cannot leave; solutes can. Responsible for creating countercurrent
only modify filtrate if hormones are present (aldosterone, ADH, atrial natriuretic peptide, or
released by cells in atrium of the heart when blood pressure is high to cause sodium to be lost
in decrease sodium reabsorption in the DCT; vasodilation of afferent arteriole to increase GFR;
inhibiting ADH release from posterior pitiuitary; decreasing blood volume and blood pressure
acts on the ascending nephron loop, distal tubule, and collecting tubule to increase Ca2+
the process by which certain substances are transported from plasma to the tubular fluid;
removes various organic compounds, hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance; occurs
establish and maintain osmotic gradient (300 mOsm to 1200 mOsm) from renal cortex through
medulla due to nephron loop saving water on descending loop and saving solutes on ascending
