NR 507 Midterm Exam Advanced Pathophysiology Study Guide & Practice Test 2025/2026 Chamberlain

,NR 507 Midterm Exam - Advanced Pathophysiology
Verified Questions and Answers (2025/2026 Update)

QUESTIONS 1-20: IMMUNOLOGY & HYPERSENSITIVITY

QUESTION 1

Which of the following are considered the "first responders" of the innate immune
system?

A. Lymphocytes

B. Macrophages

C. Neutrophils

D. Basophils




Correct Answer: C. Neutrophils

*Rationale: * Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and are the first to
arrive at the site of infection or injury, making them the primary first responders of the
innate immune system. They phagocytize pathogens and release antimicrobial
substances.

,QUESTION 2

Allergic contact dermatitis is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A. Type 1

B. Type 2

C. Type 3

D. Type 4




Correct Answer: D. Type 4

*Rationale: * Type 4 hypersensitivity is a delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by T
cells, not antibodies. Contact dermatitis from poison ivy or metals is a classic example.
The reaction occurs 24-72 hours after exposure.




QUESTION 3

Hives (urticaria) are an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A. Type 1

B. Type 2

C. Type 3

D. Type 4

, Correct Answer: A. Type 1

*Rationale: * Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cell
degranulation, leading to histamine release. Urticaria (hives), anaphylaxis, and allergic
rhinitis are classic Type 1 reactions.




QUESTION 4

What is the primary antibody involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A. IgG

B. IgM

C. IgA

D. IgE




Correct Answer: D. IgE

*Rationale: * Type 1 hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies bound to mast cells
and basophils. Cross-linking of IgE by allergens triggers mast cell degranulation and
release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.