,NR 507 Midterm Exam - Advanced Pathophysiology
Verified Questions and Answers (2025/2027 Update)
QUESTION 1
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C. Plasma cells
*Rationale: * Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes that produce
and secrete large quantities of antibodies (immunoglobulins). Helper T cells
assist in the activation of B cells but do not produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T
cells kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune
system.
QUESTION 2
A patient with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillin is exposed
to the drug and develops anaphylaxis. This reaction is mediated by which
immunoglobulin?
,A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Correct Answer: D. IgE
*Rationale: * Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction
mediated by IgE antibodies. These antibodies bind to mast cells and
basophils, and upon re-exposure to the allergen, cross-linking occurs,
triggering degranulation and the release of histamine and other vasoactive
mediators.
QUESTION 3
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus develops glomerulonephritis
due to immune complex deposition. This is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, Correct Answer: C. Type III
*Rationale: * Type III hypersensitivity is mediated by immune complexes
(antigen-antibody complexes) that deposit in tissues, activating
complement and causing inflammation. SLE, serum sickness, and post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis are classic examples. Type I is IgE-
mediated, Type II is antibody-mediated cell destruction, and Type IV is T-
cell mediated.
QUESTION 4
A patient receives a blood transfusion of mismatched blood and develops a
hemolytic transfusion reaction. This reaction is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: B. Type II
*Rationale: * Type II hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated cell destruction,
typically involving IgG or IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens.
Hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and
Graves' disease are examples. The antibodies bind to RBCs, leading to
complement activation and cell lysis.
Verified Questions and Answers (2025/2027 Update)
QUESTION 1
Which cell type is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?
A. Helper T cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells
C. Plasma cells
D. Natural killer cells
Correct Answer: C. Plasma cells
*Rationale: * Plasma cells are differentiated B lymphocytes that produce
and secrete large quantities of antibodies (immunoglobulins). Helper T cells
assist in the activation of B cells but do not produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T
cells kill infected cells. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune
system.
QUESTION 2
A patient with a history of severe allergic reactions to penicillin is exposed
to the drug and develops anaphylaxis. This reaction is mediated by which
immunoglobulin?
,A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
Correct Answer: D. IgE
*Rationale: * Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction
mediated by IgE antibodies. These antibodies bind to mast cells and
basophils, and upon re-exposure to the allergen, cross-linking occurs,
triggering degranulation and the release of histamine and other vasoactive
mediators.
QUESTION 3
A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus develops glomerulonephritis
due to immune complex deposition. This is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
, Correct Answer: C. Type III
*Rationale: * Type III hypersensitivity is mediated by immune complexes
(antigen-antibody complexes) that deposit in tissues, activating
complement and causing inflammation. SLE, serum sickness, and post-
streptococcal glomerulonephritis are classic examples. Type I is IgE-
mediated, Type II is antibody-mediated cell destruction, and Type IV is T-
cell mediated.
QUESTION 4
A patient receives a blood transfusion of mismatched blood and develops a
hemolytic transfusion reaction. This reaction is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Correct Answer: B. Type II
*Rationale: * Type II hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated cell destruction,
typically involving IgG or IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens.
Hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and
Graves' disease are examples. The antibodies bind to RBCs, leading to
complement activation and cell lysis.
