, BIOS 252 Anatomy and Physiology II Exam 2 –Actual Questions with
Revised Answers, 100% Verified - Chamberlain University
Question 1
Which is the outermost layer of the meninges?
A) Pia mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Dura mater
D) Subarachnoid space
Answer: C) Dura mater
Rationale: The dura mater is the thick, outermost layer of the meninges. It is a tough, fibrous
membrane that provides protection and support for the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is
the innermost layer, and the arachnoid mater is the middle layer .
Question 2
Which layer of the meninges is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?
A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Subdural space
Answer: C) Pia mater
Rationale: The pia mater is the thin, delicate, innermost meningeal layer that adheres directly
to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following its contours and dipping into the sulci .
Question 3
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by which structure?
A) Arachnoid granulations
B) Choroid plexus
C) Central canal
D) Subarachnoid space
Answer: B) Choroid plexus
,Rationale: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells
located within the ventricles of the brain. It circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid
space before being reabsorbed .
Question 4
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
A) Choroid plexus
B) Arachnoid granulations
C) Dural sinuses
D) Central canal
Answer: B) Arachnoid granulations
Rationale: CSF is reabsorbed into the venous blood through arachnoid granulations, which are
projections of the arachnoid mater into the dural sinuses .
Question 5
The three functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include:
A) Cushioning, buoyancy, and waste removal
B) Cushioning, nutrient transport, and gas exchange
C) Buoyancy, hormone transport, and protection
D) Protection, blood-brain barrier formation, and immune response
Answer: A) Cushioning, buoyancy, and waste removal
Rationale: CSF serves three main functions: (1) cushioning the brain against trauma, (2)
providing buoyancy to reduce the effective weight of the brain, and (3) removing metabolic
waste products from the CNS .
SECTION 2: SPINAL CORD ANATOMY
Question 6
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
A) 12
B) 31
, C) 33
D) 43
Answer: B) 31
Rationale: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal .
Question 7
The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is called the:
A) Cauda equina
B) Filum terminale
C) Conus medullaris
D) Medullary cone
Answer: C) Conus medullaris
Rationale: The conus medullaris is the tapered, cone-shaped inferior end of the spinal cord. The
filum terminale extends from the conus medullaris, and the cauda equina is the bundle of spinal
nerve roots below it .
Question 8
The bundle of spinal nerve roots that extends inferiorly from the conus medullaris is the:
A) Filum terminale
B) Cauda equina
C) Conus medullaris
D) Denticulate ligament
Answer: B) Cauda equina
Rationale: The cauda equina (meaning "horse's tail") is the fan-shaped bundle of spinal nerve
roots that extend from the conus medullaris. It occupies the lumbar cistern in the vertebral
canal .
Question 9
The white matter of the spinal cord is organized into:
Revised Answers, 100% Verified - Chamberlain University
Question 1
Which is the outermost layer of the meninges?
A) Pia mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Dura mater
D) Subarachnoid space
Answer: C) Dura mater
Rationale: The dura mater is the thick, outermost layer of the meninges. It is a tough, fibrous
membrane that provides protection and support for the brain and spinal cord. The pia mater is
the innermost layer, and the arachnoid mater is the middle layer .
Question 2
Which layer of the meninges is directly attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord?
A) Dura mater
B) Arachnoid mater
C) Pia mater
D) Subdural space
Answer: C) Pia mater
Rationale: The pia mater is the thin, delicate, innermost meningeal layer that adheres directly
to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following its contours and dipping into the sulci .
Question 3
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by which structure?
A) Arachnoid granulations
B) Choroid plexus
C) Central canal
D) Subarachnoid space
Answer: B) Choroid plexus
,Rationale: CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells
located within the ventricles of the brain. It circulates through the ventricles and subarachnoid
space before being reabsorbed .
Question 4
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
A) Choroid plexus
B) Arachnoid granulations
C) Dural sinuses
D) Central canal
Answer: B) Arachnoid granulations
Rationale: CSF is reabsorbed into the venous blood through arachnoid granulations, which are
projections of the arachnoid mater into the dural sinuses .
Question 5
The three functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include:
A) Cushioning, buoyancy, and waste removal
B) Cushioning, nutrient transport, and gas exchange
C) Buoyancy, hormone transport, and protection
D) Protection, blood-brain barrier formation, and immune response
Answer: A) Cushioning, buoyancy, and waste removal
Rationale: CSF serves three main functions: (1) cushioning the brain against trauma, (2)
providing buoyancy to reduce the effective weight of the brain, and (3) removing metabolic
waste products from the CNS .
SECTION 2: SPINAL CORD ANATOMY
Question 6
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
A) 12
B) 31
, C) 33
D) 43
Answer: B) 31
Rationale: There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1
coccygeal .
Question 7
The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is called the:
A) Cauda equina
B) Filum terminale
C) Conus medullaris
D) Medullary cone
Answer: C) Conus medullaris
Rationale: The conus medullaris is the tapered, cone-shaped inferior end of the spinal cord. The
filum terminale extends from the conus medullaris, and the cauda equina is the bundle of spinal
nerve roots below it .
Question 8
The bundle of spinal nerve roots that extends inferiorly from the conus medullaris is the:
A) Filum terminale
B) Cauda equina
C) Conus medullaris
D) Denticulate ligament
Answer: B) Cauda equina
Rationale: The cauda equina (meaning "horse's tail") is the fan-shaped bundle of spinal nerve
roots that extend from the conus medullaris. It occupies the lumbar cistern in the vertebral
canal .
Question 9
The white matter of the spinal cord is organized into:
