NUR 160 2 HONDROS CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

NUR 160 2 HONDROS CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+

◍ Potassium (K+).
Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
◍ Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms.
Answer: muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia,irritability, Nausea, death
◍ Hypokalemia signs and symptoms.
Answer: muscle cramps, abdominal distention,constipation, arrhythmia
◍ Hypokalemia and lasix.
Answer: If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
◍ Hypervolemia Causes.
Answer: CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD
◍ Renal Pt Diet.
Answer: low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy greenveggies,
apples, avocados
◍ Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms.
Answer: Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma
◍ Hypovolemia Causes.
Answer: Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access,
significant injury to skin
◍ Moat accurate assessment of water balance.
Answer: daily weights in similar clothing, same scale, same time- plus or
minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week

,◍ Sodium (Na+).
Answer: 135-145 mEq/L most abundant electrolyte in the body. Regulated
by Kidneys
◍ Potassium (K+).
Answer: 3.5-5
◍ Hyponatremia – <135.
Answer: Causes: inadequate sodium intake| Vomiting| Diarrhea|
Diaphoresis| Burns| Ascites: 3rd spacing swelling (abdomen)S/S: Headache|
Postural Hypotension| Irritability| Muscle weakness| NauseaNursing
interventions & TX: Restrict fluids| Replace fluid loss with fluids
◍ Hypernatremia – >145 too much sodium.
Answer: Causes: too many salt tablets| overuse of tale salt| rapid infusion of
saline solution| consumption of antiacids containing salt| Prepared foods:
lunch meats| Large consumption of dairyS/S: Restlessness, agitation,
confusion| Flushed skinNursing interventions & TX: Decrease sodium
intake in patient’s diet
◍ Hyperkalemia causes.
Answer: AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
◍ Hypernatremia signs and symptoms.
Answer: decreased urinary output, firm rubberytissue turgor, restlessness,
agitation, confusion, flushed skin
◍ Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms.
Answer: muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability, Nausea, death
◍ Hypokalemia causes.
Answer: diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis,
alcohol abuse
◍ Hyponatremia Causes.
Answer: Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, lowsodium
intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction

, ◍ Hyponatremia signs and symptoms.
Answer: muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache,restlessness, irritability,
hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
◍ Hypokalemia signs and symptoms.
Answer: muscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation, arrhythmia
◍ Renal Pt Diet.
Answer: low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies,
apples, avocados
◍ Magnesium (MG+).
Answer: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
◍ Sodium (Na+).
Answer: 135-145
◍ Hypomagnesemia Causes.
Answer: alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poorabsorption
◍ Hypernatremia Causes.
Answer: too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy
consumption
◍ Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms.
Answer: seizures, Increased DTR,arrhthmias, agitation, Nausea, vomiting
◍ Calcium (Ca+).
Answer: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL (8-10)
◍ Hypernatremia signs and symptoms.
Answer: decreased urinary output, firm rubbery tissue turgor, restlessness,
agitation, confusion, flushed skin
◍ Hyponatremia Causes.
Answer: Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low sodium
intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
◍ Hypercalcemia causes.