CNIT 176 EXAM 1 LATEST 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED 100% SOLUTIONS (2026/2027) |A+ GRADED
|GUARANTEED PASS
Generation zero
mechanical calculating machines
Generation zero (year)
1642-1945
First Generation
Vacuum Tube computers
First Generation (year)
1945-1953
Second Generation
Transistorized computers
Second Generation (year)
1954-1965
Transistor
Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap
Magnetic Core
Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly
Magnetic Disks
Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly
Third Generation
Integrated circuit computers
Third Generation (year)
1965-1980
1|Page
, Integrated circuits
Replaces circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable
Terminal
An input/output device with a keyboard and screen
Fourth Generation
VLSI Computers
Fourth Generation (year)
1980 - ????
Model
One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about how computers
function
Task
Write a program that does soemthing
Algorithm
Breaking the task down ( Flow chart)
Program
Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture
Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program
Microarchitecture
The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to make a
microarchitecture
Logic Gates
Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with.
Devices
A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge which is
manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0
2|Page
VERIFIED 100% SOLUTIONS (2026/2027) |A+ GRADED
|GUARANTEED PASS
Generation zero
mechanical calculating machines
Generation zero (year)
1642-1945
First Generation
Vacuum Tube computers
First Generation (year)
1945-1953
Second Generation
Transistorized computers
Second Generation (year)
1954-1965
Transistor
Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap
Magnetic Core
Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly
Magnetic Disks
Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly
Third Generation
Integrated circuit computers
Third Generation (year)
1965-1980
1|Page
, Integrated circuits
Replaces circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable
Terminal
An input/output device with a keyboard and screen
Fourth Generation
VLSI Computers
Fourth Generation (year)
1980 - ????
Model
One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about how computers
function
Task
Write a program that does soemthing
Algorithm
Breaking the task down ( Flow chart)
Program
Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture
Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program
Microarchitecture
The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to make a
microarchitecture
Logic Gates
Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with.
Devices
A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge which is
manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0
2|Page
