WGU Information Technology Management - C954 Exam verified
with correct answers 2026/2027 version
data aggregation - correct answer >>>The collection of data from various sources for
the purpose of data processing
structured data - correct answer >>>data that has defined length, type and format and
includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience - correct answer >>>a blend of the physical, virtual, and
electronic environments creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the
user moves form one place to another
Internet of Everything (IoE) - correct answer >>>a concept that extends the Internet of
Things (IoT) emphasis on machine-to-machine communications to describe a more
complex system that also encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent - correct answer >>>software that carries out some set of operations
on behalf of a user or another program with some degree of independence or
autonomy, and employ some knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing - correct answer >>>a self-managing computing model named
after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process - correct answer >>>the technical core, especially in
manufacturing organizations; the actual conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added - correct answer >>>the term used to describe the difference between the
cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) - correct answer >>>consists of several stand alone
businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system - correct answer >>>sales forecasts to
make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a
specific company
tactical planning - correct answer >>>focuses on producing goods and services as
efficiently as possible within the strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) - correct answer >>>deals with the day to day
procedures for performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process
management
,International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - correct answer >>>a non-
governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of world
standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services
process quality - correct answer >>>main goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality - correct answer >>>the goal is to detect potential problems to prevent
their occurrence and achieve no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards - correct answer >>>1987 U.S. standard
awarding quality awards in seven key areas: leadership, strategic planning,
customer/market focus, information and analysis, human resources focus, process
management, and business results
ISO 900 - correct answer >>>international organization for standardization (1947)
requiring a company to determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal
requirements including communication arrangements. Other standards involve process
control, product testing, storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 - correct answer >>>collection of best practices for managing an
organizations impact on the environment
CMMI - correct answer >>>capability maturity integration is a framework for best
practices. Does not describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics
of good processes, thus providing efficient guidelines.
inputs - correct answer >>>land, labor, capital, information
transformation - correct answer >>>conversion process
outputs - correct answer >>>goods & services
storage virtualization - correct answer >>>combines multiple network storage devices
so that they appear to be a single storage device
network virtualization - correct answer >>>combines networks by splitting the available
bandwidth into independent channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific
device
server virtualization - correct answer >>>combines the physical resources, such as
servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications
system virtualization - correct answer >>>the ability to present the resources of a single
computer as if it is a collation of separate computers (virtual machines)
,multi-tenancy - correct answer >>>a single instance of a system serves multiple
customers
cloud fabric controller - correct answer >>>an individual who monitors and provisions
cloud resources similar to a server administrator at an individual company
cloud fabric - correct answer >>>the software that makes the benefits of cloud
computing possible
hybrid cloud - correct answer >>>includes two or more private, public, or community
clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables
data and application portability
cloud bursting - correct answer >>>when a company uses its own computing
infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for
high/peak load requirements, ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor
performance or system crashes
utility computing - correct answer >>>offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a
metered service such as gas or electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - correct answer >>>delivers hardware networking
capabilities, including use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a
pay-per-use revenue model
fact - correct answer >>>The confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age - correct answer >>>A time when infinite quantities of facts are widely
available to anyone who can use a computer
internet of things (IoT) - correct answer >>>A world where interconnected Internet-
enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human
intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) - correct answer >>>refers to devices that connect directly
to there devices
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) - correct answer >>>Offers backup services
that use cloud resources to protect applications and data form disruption caused by
disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) - correct answer >>>facilitates the accessibility of business-
critical data in a timely, secure, and affordable manner
Moore's Law - correct answer >>>refers to the computer chip performance per dollar
doubling every 18 months
, upcycle - correct answer >>>reuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance - correct answer >>>method or system of government for management or
control
information systems audit and control association (USACA) - correct answer >>>a set of
guidelines and supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted worldwide and
generally used by auditors and companies as a way to integrate technology to
implement controls and meet specific business objectives
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) - correct answer >>>a framework
provided by the government of the UK that offers eight sets of management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) - correct answer >>>key for evaluating
internal controls such as human resources, logistics, IT, risk, legal, marketing and sales,
operations, financial functions, procurement, and reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method - correct answer >>>a process
improvement approach that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture - correct answer >>>a process for how an organization will build,
deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization - correct answer >>>occurs when an organization moves employees
outside its firewall, a growing movement to change the way corporations address
technology security
transborder data flows (TDF) - correct answer >>>when business data flows across
international boundaries over the telecommunications networks of global information
systems
carbon emission - correct answer >>>includes the carbon dioxide & carbon monoxide in
the atmosphere produced by processes and systems
grid computing - correct answer >>>a collection of computers coordinated to solve a
common problem
smart grid - correct answer >>>delivers electricity using two-way digital technology
virtualization - correct answer >>>the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or other
network resources
with correct answers 2026/2027 version
data aggregation - correct answer >>>The collection of data from various sources for
the purpose of data processing
structured data - correct answer >>>data that has defined length, type and format and
includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address
ambient digital experience - correct answer >>>a blend of the physical, virtual, and
electronic environments creating a real-time ambient environment that changes as the
user moves form one place to another
Internet of Everything (IoE) - correct answer >>>a concept that extends the Internet of
Things (IoT) emphasis on machine-to-machine communications to describe a more
complex system that also encompasses people and processes
autonomous agent - correct answer >>>software that carries out some set of operations
on behalf of a user or another program with some degree of independence or
autonomy, and employ some knowledge or representation of the user's goals or desires
autonomic computing - correct answer >>>a self-managing computing model named
after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system
transformation process - correct answer >>>the technical core, especially in
manufacturing organizations; the actual conversion of inputs to outputs
value-added - correct answer >>>the term used to describe the difference between the
cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs
strategic business units (SBUs) - correct answer >>>consists of several stand alone
businesses
materials requirement planning (MRP) system - correct answer >>>sales forecasts to
make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a
specific company
tactical planning - correct answer >>>focuses on producing goods and services as
efficiently as possible within the strategic plan
operational planning and control (OP&C) - correct answer >>>deals with the day to day
procedures for performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process
management
,International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - correct answer >>>a non-
governmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of world
standards to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services
process quality - correct answer >>>main goal is to produce defect free products
six sigma quality - correct answer >>>the goal is to detect potential problems to prevent
their occurrence and achieve no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
malcolm baldric national quality awards - correct answer >>>1987 U.S. standard
awarding quality awards in seven key areas: leadership, strategic planning,
customer/market focus, information and analysis, human resources focus, process
management, and business results
ISO 900 - correct answer >>>international organization for standardization (1947)
requiring a company to determine customer needs, including regulatory and legal
requirements including communication arrangements. Other standards involve process
control, product testing, storage and delivery.
ISO 14000 - correct answer >>>collection of best practices for managing an
organizations impact on the environment
CMMI - correct answer >>>capability maturity integration is a framework for best
practices. Does not describe the processes themselves; it describes the characteristics
of good processes, thus providing efficient guidelines.
inputs - correct answer >>>land, labor, capital, information
transformation - correct answer >>>conversion process
outputs - correct answer >>>goods & services
storage virtualization - correct answer >>>combines multiple network storage devices
so that they appear to be a single storage device
network virtualization - correct answer >>>combines networks by splitting the available
bandwidth into independent channels that an be assigned in real time to a specific
device
server virtualization - correct answer >>>combines the physical resources, such as
servers, processors, and operating systems, from the applications
system virtualization - correct answer >>>the ability to present the resources of a single
computer as if it is a collation of separate computers (virtual machines)
,multi-tenancy - correct answer >>>a single instance of a system serves multiple
customers
cloud fabric controller - correct answer >>>an individual who monitors and provisions
cloud resources similar to a server administrator at an individual company
cloud fabric - correct answer >>>the software that makes the benefits of cloud
computing possible
hybrid cloud - correct answer >>>includes two or more private, public, or community
clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables
data and application portability
cloud bursting - correct answer >>>when a company uses its own computing
infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when it needs to sale for
high/peak load requirements, ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor
performance or system crashes
utility computing - correct answer >>>offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a
metered service such as gas or electricity
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - correct answer >>>delivers hardware networking
capabilities, including use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a
pay-per-use revenue model
fact - correct answer >>>The confirmation or validation of an event or object
information age - correct answer >>>A time when infinite quantities of facts are widely
available to anyone who can use a computer
internet of things (IoT) - correct answer >>>A world where interconnected Internet-
enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human
intervention
machine-to-machine (M2M) - correct answer >>>refers to devices that connect directly
to there devices
Disaster Recovery as a Device (DRaaS) - correct answer >>>Offers backup services
that use cloud resources to protect applications and data form disruption caused by
disaster
Data as a Service (DaaS) - correct answer >>>facilitates the accessibility of business-
critical data in a timely, secure, and affordable manner
Moore's Law - correct answer >>>refers to the computer chip performance per dollar
doubling every 18 months
, upcycle - correct answer >>>reuses or refurbishes waste and creates new product
governance - correct answer >>>method or system of government for management or
control
information systems audit and control association (USACA) - correct answer >>>a set of
guidelines and supporting tools for IT governance that is accepted worldwide and
generally used by auditors and companies as a way to integrate technology to
implement controls and meet specific business objectives
internet technology infrastructure library (ITIL) - correct answer >>>a framework
provided by the government of the UK that offers eight sets of management procedures
committee of sponsoring organizations (COSO) - correct answer >>>key for evaluating
internal controls such as human resources, logistics, IT, risk, legal, marketing and sales,
operations, financial functions, procurement, and reporting
capability maturity model integration (CMMI) method - correct answer >>>a process
improvement approach that contains 22 process areas
enterprise architecture - correct answer >>>a process for how an organization will build,
deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets
deperimeterization - correct answer >>>occurs when an organization moves employees
outside its firewall, a growing movement to change the way corporations address
technology security
transborder data flows (TDF) - correct answer >>>when business data flows across
international boundaries over the telecommunications networks of global information
systems
carbon emission - correct answer >>>includes the carbon dioxide & carbon monoxide in
the atmosphere produced by processes and systems
grid computing - correct answer >>>a collection of computers coordinated to solve a
common problem
smart grid - correct answer >>>delivers electricity using two-way digital technology
virtualization - correct answer >>>the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of
computing resources, such as an operating system, a server, a storage device, or other
network resources
