TIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS|A+ GRADED|BRAND NEW 2026/2027
Predominant cause of preventable deaths after injury
ANSWER
Hemorrhage
Causes of shock
ANSWER
1) Tension pneumothorax
2) Hypotension following injury due to blood loss
Signs of hypovolemia
ANSWER
-Ashen, gray facial skin and pale extremities
-Rapid, thready pulse
-Altered LOC (impaired cerebral perfusion)
Treatment of hypovolemic shock
ANSWER
1) Warmed IV fluid therapy with crystalloids (37-40C or 98.6-104F) with bolus of 1L of iso-
tonic solution
2) Blood transfusion
Most common origin of shock associated with injury
ANSWER
Hypovolemic shock
1
, The ________ score of the GCS correlates with outcome.
ANSWER
Motor
Until proven otherwise, alway presume that changes in level of consciousness are a result
of....
ANSWER
central nervous system injury
Optimal temperature for warmed crystalloid IV fluids
ANSWER
39C or 102.2F
Capnography
ANSWER
Confirm intubation of the airway (NOT the proper placement of tube)
Measures concentration of CO2 in expired air over time
Provides insight into patient's ventilation, circulation and metabolism
Physiologic parameters that reflect adequacy of resuscitation
ANSWER
Pulse rate, BP, pulse pressure, ventilatory rate, ABG levels, body temperature and urinary
output
ABG levels that indicate shock
ANSWER
Low pH and base excess levels
2
Predominant cause of preventable deaths after injury
ANSWER
Hemorrhage
Causes of shock
ANSWER
1) Tension pneumothorax
2) Hypotension following injury due to blood loss
Signs of hypovolemia
ANSWER
-Ashen, gray facial skin and pale extremities
-Rapid, thready pulse
-Altered LOC (impaired cerebral perfusion)
Treatment of hypovolemic shock
ANSWER
1) Warmed IV fluid therapy with crystalloids (37-40C or 98.6-104F) with bolus of 1L of iso-
tonic solution
2) Blood transfusion
Most common origin of shock associated with injury
ANSWER
Hypovolemic shock
1
, The ________ score of the GCS correlates with outcome.
ANSWER
Motor
Until proven otherwise, alway presume that changes in level of consciousness are a result
of....
ANSWER
central nervous system injury
Optimal temperature for warmed crystalloid IV fluids
ANSWER
39C or 102.2F
Capnography
ANSWER
Confirm intubation of the airway (NOT the proper placement of tube)
Measures concentration of CO2 in expired air over time
Provides insight into patient's ventilation, circulation and metabolism
Physiologic parameters that reflect adequacy of resuscitation
ANSWER
Pulse rate, BP, pulse pressure, ventilatory rate, ABG levels, body temperature and urinary
output
ABG levels that indicate shock
ANSWER
Low pH and base excess levels
2
