Certified Retinal Angiographer (CRA) Exam 2026-2027
Comprehensive Assessment
150 Questions | 100% VERIFIED
Introduction
This examination evaluates candidate knowledge required for Certified Retinal
Angiographer (CRA) certification. Key domains include Ocular Anatomy and Physiology,
Fluorescein Angiography Procedures, Indocyanine Green (ICG) Angiography, Optical
Coherence Tomography (OCT), Patient Safety and Emergency Protocols, Image Quality and
Artifact Recognition, and Professional Ethics. Successful completion demonstrates readiness
for responsible professional judgment in retinal imaging operations and certification.
1. Which principle requires fair allocation of resources and access to care?
A. Justice [Correct Answer]
B. Autonomy only
C. Beneficence only
D. No principle applies
Rationale: Justice requires fair allocation. Autonomy and beneficence are different principles.
2. What is the purpose of the venous phase in fluorescein angiography?
A. Assess retinal venous filling and capillary detail [Correct Answer]
B. Visualize arterial filling only
C. Evaluate late leakage
D. Measure choroidal flow
Rationale: Venous phase shows veins and capillaries. Arterial is earlier. Late phase is for leakage.
3. Which patient condition requires additional monitoring during angiography?
A. History of cardiovascular disease or severe allergies [Correct Answer]
B. Mild myopia only
,C. No medical conditions
D. Only young age
Rationale: CV disease or severe allergies require monitoring. Myopia or young age are not risk
factors.
4. Which emergency equipment must be present in the imaging suite?
A. Crash cart with defibrillator, medications, and airway equipment [Correct Answer]
B. Only a blood pressure cuff
C. Only an AED
D. No emergency equipment required
Rationale: Full crash cart is required. Partial equipment is insufficient.
5. What is the recommended injection technique for ICG?
A. Rapid bolus followed by saline flush [Correct Answer]
B. Slow infusion over 5 minutes
C. No injection required
D. Topical application
Rationale: Rapid bolus with saline flush is standard. Slow infusion or no injection is incorrect.
6. What is the purpose of having oxygen available during angiography?
A. Treat hypoxia or respiratory distress [Correct Answer]
B. Only for patient comfort
C. No purpose exists
D. Only for equipment sterilization
Rationale: Oxygen treats respiratory distress. Comfort, no purpose, or sterilization are incorrect.
7. What is the purpose of a professional code of ethics?
,A. Guide professional conduct and protect patients and practitioners [Correct Answer]
B. Only satisfy regulatory requirements
C. Only reduce liability
D. No purpose exists
Rationale: Guide conduct and protect parties. Regulatory or liability only are incomplete.
8. What is the typical onset of nausea after fluorescein injection?
A. Within 30-60 seconds [Correct Answer]
B. After 10 minutes
C. After 30 minutes
D. No nausea occurs
Rationale: Nausea typically occurs within 30-60 seconds. Later onset or absence is less common.
9. What is the recommended patient positioning for OCT imaging?
A. Seated with chin on rest and forehead against bar [Correct Answer]
B. Supine position
C. Standing position
D. No specific position required
Rationale: Seated position at the device is standard. Supine or standing are not appropriate.
10. What is the ethical obligation regarding patient images and data?
A. Protect privacy and use only for authorized purposes [Correct Answer]
B. Share images freely
C. Use images for personal social media
D. No obligation exists
Rationale: Privacy protection and authorized use are required. Sharing freely or social media use is
unethical.
, 11. What is the recommended action when an artifact is identified during imaging?
A. Repeat the scan after correcting the cause [Correct Answer]
B. Accept the artifact
C. Only document the artifact
D. No action required
Rationale: Repeat after correction. Accepting or documenting only is insufficient.
12. What is the purpose of the mid phase in ICG angiography?
A. Visualize choroidal venous filling and capillary detail [Correct Answer]
B. Assess late leakage only
C. Measure intraocular pressure
D. Evaluate lens clarity
Rationale: Mid phase shows choroidal veins. Late phase assesses leakage. Other options are
unrelated.
13. Which action protects patient privacy in digital imaging?
A. Secure storage, access controls, and encryption of images [Correct Answer]
B. Sharing images via unsecured email
C. Storing images on personal devices
D. No action required
Rationale: Secure storage and controls protect privacy. Unsecured sharing or personal devices violate
privacy.
14. What is the blood supply source for the inner retina?
A. Central retinal artery [Correct Answer]
B. Choroidal circulation
Comprehensive Assessment
150 Questions | 100% VERIFIED
Introduction
This examination evaluates candidate knowledge required for Certified Retinal
Angiographer (CRA) certification. Key domains include Ocular Anatomy and Physiology,
Fluorescein Angiography Procedures, Indocyanine Green (ICG) Angiography, Optical
Coherence Tomography (OCT), Patient Safety and Emergency Protocols, Image Quality and
Artifact Recognition, and Professional Ethics. Successful completion demonstrates readiness
for responsible professional judgment in retinal imaging operations and certification.
1. Which principle requires fair allocation of resources and access to care?
A. Justice [Correct Answer]
B. Autonomy only
C. Beneficence only
D. No principle applies
Rationale: Justice requires fair allocation. Autonomy and beneficence are different principles.
2. What is the purpose of the venous phase in fluorescein angiography?
A. Assess retinal venous filling and capillary detail [Correct Answer]
B. Visualize arterial filling only
C. Evaluate late leakage
D. Measure choroidal flow
Rationale: Venous phase shows veins and capillaries. Arterial is earlier. Late phase is for leakage.
3. Which patient condition requires additional monitoring during angiography?
A. History of cardiovascular disease or severe allergies [Correct Answer]
B. Mild myopia only
,C. No medical conditions
D. Only young age
Rationale: CV disease or severe allergies require monitoring. Myopia or young age are not risk
factors.
4. Which emergency equipment must be present in the imaging suite?
A. Crash cart with defibrillator, medications, and airway equipment [Correct Answer]
B. Only a blood pressure cuff
C. Only an AED
D. No emergency equipment required
Rationale: Full crash cart is required. Partial equipment is insufficient.
5. What is the recommended injection technique for ICG?
A. Rapid bolus followed by saline flush [Correct Answer]
B. Slow infusion over 5 minutes
C. No injection required
D. Topical application
Rationale: Rapid bolus with saline flush is standard. Slow infusion or no injection is incorrect.
6. What is the purpose of having oxygen available during angiography?
A. Treat hypoxia or respiratory distress [Correct Answer]
B. Only for patient comfort
C. No purpose exists
D. Only for equipment sterilization
Rationale: Oxygen treats respiratory distress. Comfort, no purpose, or sterilization are incorrect.
7. What is the purpose of a professional code of ethics?
,A. Guide professional conduct and protect patients and practitioners [Correct Answer]
B. Only satisfy regulatory requirements
C. Only reduce liability
D. No purpose exists
Rationale: Guide conduct and protect parties. Regulatory or liability only are incomplete.
8. What is the typical onset of nausea after fluorescein injection?
A. Within 30-60 seconds [Correct Answer]
B. After 10 minutes
C. After 30 minutes
D. No nausea occurs
Rationale: Nausea typically occurs within 30-60 seconds. Later onset or absence is less common.
9. What is the recommended patient positioning for OCT imaging?
A. Seated with chin on rest and forehead against bar [Correct Answer]
B. Supine position
C. Standing position
D. No specific position required
Rationale: Seated position at the device is standard. Supine or standing are not appropriate.
10. What is the ethical obligation regarding patient images and data?
A. Protect privacy and use only for authorized purposes [Correct Answer]
B. Share images freely
C. Use images for personal social media
D. No obligation exists
Rationale: Privacy protection and authorized use are required. Sharing freely or social media use is
unethical.
, 11. What is the recommended action when an artifact is identified during imaging?
A. Repeat the scan after correcting the cause [Correct Answer]
B. Accept the artifact
C. Only document the artifact
D. No action required
Rationale: Repeat after correction. Accepting or documenting only is insufficient.
12. What is the purpose of the mid phase in ICG angiography?
A. Visualize choroidal venous filling and capillary detail [Correct Answer]
B. Assess late leakage only
C. Measure intraocular pressure
D. Evaluate lens clarity
Rationale: Mid phase shows choroidal veins. Late phase assesses leakage. Other options are
unrelated.
13. Which action protects patient privacy in digital imaging?
A. Secure storage, access controls, and encryption of images [Correct Answer]
B. Sharing images via unsecured email
C. Storing images on personal devices
D. No action required
Rationale: Secure storage and controls protect privacy. Unsecured sharing or personal devices violate
privacy.
14. What is the blood supply source for the inner retina?
A. Central retinal artery [Correct Answer]
B. Choroidal circulation
