NCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VALID
1. cognitive dissonance
*Answer√√ motivation to reduce discomfort (dissonance) caused by inconsistency in attitude and
behavior
2. bystander effect
*Answer√√ the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of
them is to help
3. psycho-social theory
*Answer√√ the belief that social interactions are more important than sexual drives in per-sonality
development (ex. Erikson's Eight Stages)
4. psychodynamic theory
*Answer√√ Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and uncon-scious forces
5. ego psychologists
*Answer√√ believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior
6. Id
,*Answer√√ a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.
Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
7. Erik Erikson*Answer√√ neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows
how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting
"Who am I?"
8. ego
*Answer√√ the largely conscious, "executive" part of the personality, mediates among the demands of the id,
superego, and reality. Ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically
bring pleasure rather than pain.
9. relativistic thinking*Answer√√ the idea that in many situations there is not necessarily one right or
wrong answer
(gray area)
10. Kegan
*Answer√√ the model stresses interpersonal development, it is billed as a constructive model of
development, meaning that individuals construct realist throughout the life span.
,11. Piaget*Answer√√ Four stage theory of cognitive development:1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3.
concrete opera-tional, and 4. formal operational.
12. Piaget
*Answer√√ findings based on his own children
13. conservation
*Answer√√ the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite
changes in the forms of objects
14. concrete operational stag*Answer√√ in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(from 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events
15. Lev Vygotsky's Theory*Answer√√ stages unfold due to educational intervention
16. Reversibility
*Answer√√ one can undo an action (a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
17. Egocentrism
*Answer√√ in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's diflculty taking another's point of view
, 18. Kohlberg
*Answer√√ 3 levels of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)
1. cognitive dissonance
*Answer√√ motivation to reduce discomfort (dissonance) caused by inconsistency in attitude and
behavior
2. bystander effect
*Answer√√ the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of
them is to help
3. psycho-social theory
*Answer√√ the belief that social interactions are more important than sexual drives in per-sonality
development (ex. Erikson's Eight Stages)
4. psychodynamic theory
*Answer√√ Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and uncon-scious forces
5. ego psychologists
*Answer√√ believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior
6. Id
,*Answer√√ a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.
Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
7. Erik Erikson*Answer√√ neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows
how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting
"Who am I?"
8. ego
*Answer√√ the largely conscious, "executive" part of the personality, mediates among the demands of the id,
superego, and reality. Ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically
bring pleasure rather than pain.
9. relativistic thinking*Answer√√ the idea that in many situations there is not necessarily one right or
wrong answer
(gray area)
10. Kegan
*Answer√√ the model stresses interpersonal development, it is billed as a constructive model of
development, meaning that individuals construct realist throughout the life span.
,11. Piaget*Answer√√ Four stage theory of cognitive development:1. sensorimotor, 2. preoperational, 3.
concrete opera-tional, and 4. formal operational.
12. Piaget
*Answer√√ findings based on his own children
13. conservation
*Answer√√ the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite
changes in the forms of objects
14. concrete operational stag*Answer√√ in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(from 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically
about concrete events
15. Lev Vygotsky's Theory*Answer√√ stages unfold due to educational intervention
16. Reversibility
*Answer√√ one can undo an action (a glass of water) can return to its initial shape
17. Egocentrism
*Answer√√ in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's diflculty taking another's point of view
, 18. Kohlberg
*Answer√√ 3 levels of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)
