ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3
EXAM PREP SOLVED QUESTIONS
ACCURATE ANSWERS PREMIUM REVIEW
◉ CAD risk factors
Answer: Age >55
male
fam hx
personal hx peripheral vasc/Cerebrovascular disease
smoking
lipid abnorm
DM
HTN
obesity
sedentary
cocaine
estrogen use
dyslipidemia - high LDL, low HDL, high triglycerides
◉ what happens when LDL becomes oxidized
,Answer: becomes oxidized when exposed to endothelial cells and
smooth muscle cell
then exposed to macrophages
becomes foam cell
makes up atherosclerotic plaque
◉ what does HDL do
Answer: reverse cholesterol transport
returns excess cholesterol from the tissue to the liver where it binds
to hepatic receptors and is processed or eliminated as bile or
converted to cholesterol-containing steroids
protects LDL from oxidation
◉ explain the relationship of lipoprotiens and diabetes as a risk
factor for CAD
Answer: lipoproteins can be altered by glycation as a result of high
glucose levels which causes a greater integration into macrophages
(engulf oxidized LDL) this then accumulates in the arterial wall
causing platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation
◉ android obesity
Answer: excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the
abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs
,strongest link with CAD risk r/t insulin resistance, decreased HDL
levels, increased blood pressure, and inflammation
◉ 9 P21
Answer: genetic variant associated with a strong risk for CAD
◉ what is the risk of having an MI in relation to the age that it
occurred in a parent
Answer: inverse relationship
if you have a parent who had an MI at 40 you have a higher risk than
someone who's parent had one at 70
◉ Women typically present with CAD symptoms 10 years earlier
than men
t/f
Answer: false
◉ lipoprotein (a) and CAD
Answer: nontraditional risk factor
associated with atherosclerosis and thrombosis
genetically derived particle
at risk for premature CAD as well as stroke
, ◉ elevated high sensitivity c reactive protein and CAD (hs-CRP)
Answer: acute phase reactant or protein
made in liver
indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque-related
inflammation/progression
inflammatory marker
the more inflammation the more likely to have plaque ruptures
◉ t/f lipoproteins increase risk for a cardiac event, thrombus, and
stroke
Answer: true
◉ t/f high numbers of large and puffy LDL particles are associated
with increased risk for CAD
Answer: false
high numbers of small dense LDL
◉ total cholesterol levels
Answer: desirable - <200
Borderline - 200-239
high - >240
EXAM PREP SOLVED QUESTIONS
ACCURATE ANSWERS PREMIUM REVIEW
◉ CAD risk factors
Answer: Age >55
male
fam hx
personal hx peripheral vasc/Cerebrovascular disease
smoking
lipid abnorm
DM
HTN
obesity
sedentary
cocaine
estrogen use
dyslipidemia - high LDL, low HDL, high triglycerides
◉ what happens when LDL becomes oxidized
,Answer: becomes oxidized when exposed to endothelial cells and
smooth muscle cell
then exposed to macrophages
becomes foam cell
makes up atherosclerotic plaque
◉ what does HDL do
Answer: reverse cholesterol transport
returns excess cholesterol from the tissue to the liver where it binds
to hepatic receptors and is processed or eliminated as bile or
converted to cholesterol-containing steroids
protects LDL from oxidation
◉ explain the relationship of lipoprotiens and diabetes as a risk
factor for CAD
Answer: lipoproteins can be altered by glycation as a result of high
glucose levels which causes a greater integration into macrophages
(engulf oxidized LDL) this then accumulates in the arterial wall
causing platelet aggregation and smooth muscle proliferation
◉ android obesity
Answer: excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the
abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs
,strongest link with CAD risk r/t insulin resistance, decreased HDL
levels, increased blood pressure, and inflammation
◉ 9 P21
Answer: genetic variant associated with a strong risk for CAD
◉ what is the risk of having an MI in relation to the age that it
occurred in a parent
Answer: inverse relationship
if you have a parent who had an MI at 40 you have a higher risk than
someone who's parent had one at 70
◉ Women typically present with CAD symptoms 10 years earlier
than men
t/f
Answer: false
◉ lipoprotein (a) and CAD
Answer: nontraditional risk factor
associated with atherosclerosis and thrombosis
genetically derived particle
at risk for premature CAD as well as stroke
, ◉ elevated high sensitivity c reactive protein and CAD (hs-CRP)
Answer: acute phase reactant or protein
made in liver
indirect measure of atherosclerotic plaque-related
inflammation/progression
inflammatory marker
the more inflammation the more likely to have plaque ruptures
◉ t/f lipoproteins increase risk for a cardiac event, thrombus, and
stroke
Answer: true
◉ t/f high numbers of large and puffy LDL particles are associated
with increased risk for CAD
Answer: false
high numbers of small dense LDL
◉ total cholesterol levels
Answer: desirable - <200
Borderline - 200-239
high - >240
