N3321 Quiz 2 Exam Prep 2026-2027:
Quality Improvement, Patient Safety &
Legal/Ethical Issues - Verified Q&A
Guide |Practice Quiz
1 - Which sequence correctly represents the steps of the
PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle used in quality
improvement?
• Plan → Do → Study → Act
• Plan → Do → Check → Act
• Prepare → Do → Study → Adjust
• Plan → Implement → Evaluate → Repeat
Answer: Plan → Do → Study → Act
2 - Which tool is commonly used for identifying multiple
potential causes of a clinical problem in a root cause
analysis?
• Pareto chart
• Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
• Control chart
• SWOT analysis
Answer: Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
3 - Which of the following are essential legal elements of
valid informed consent? (Select all that apply.)
• Disclosure of relevant information
• Patient comprehension of information
, • Free and voluntary agreement (no coercion)
• Physician’s personal opinion about the procedure
Answer: Disclosure of relevant information, Patient
comprehension of information, Free and voluntary
agreement (no coercion)
4 - When a sentinel event occurs, the healthcare
organization is expected to do which of the following as
a primary response?
• Immediately terminate staff involved
• Conduct a root cause analysis and implement corrective
actions
• Notify only the patient and family without further
action
• Publish details publicly within 24 hours
Answer: Conduct a root cause analysis and implement
corrective actions
5 - Which of the following situations are examples of
preventable patient safety errors? (Select all that apply.)
• Administering a medication to which the patient has a
documented allergy
• Performing surgery on the wrong anatomical site due to
poor verification processes
• Providing care according to a patient's informed choice
after risk counseling
• Failing to reconcile medications at hospital admission
leading to duplicate therapy
Quality Improvement, Patient Safety &
Legal/Ethical Issues - Verified Q&A
Guide |Practice Quiz
1 - Which sequence correctly represents the steps of the
PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle used in quality
improvement?
• Plan → Do → Study → Act
• Plan → Do → Check → Act
• Prepare → Do → Study → Adjust
• Plan → Implement → Evaluate → Repeat
Answer: Plan → Do → Study → Act
2 - Which tool is commonly used for identifying multiple
potential causes of a clinical problem in a root cause
analysis?
• Pareto chart
• Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
• Control chart
• SWOT analysis
Answer: Fishbone (Ishikawa) diagram
3 - Which of the following are essential legal elements of
valid informed consent? (Select all that apply.)
• Disclosure of relevant information
• Patient comprehension of information
, • Free and voluntary agreement (no coercion)
• Physician’s personal opinion about the procedure
Answer: Disclosure of relevant information, Patient
comprehension of information, Free and voluntary
agreement (no coercion)
4 - When a sentinel event occurs, the healthcare
organization is expected to do which of the following as
a primary response?
• Immediately terminate staff involved
• Conduct a root cause analysis and implement corrective
actions
• Notify only the patient and family without further
action
• Publish details publicly within 24 hours
Answer: Conduct a root cause analysis and implement
corrective actions
5 - Which of the following situations are examples of
preventable patient safety errors? (Select all that apply.)
• Administering a medication to which the patient has a
documented allergy
• Performing surgery on the wrong anatomical site due to
poor verification processes
• Providing care according to a patient's informed choice
after risk counseling
• Failing to reconcile medications at hospital admission
leading to duplicate therapy
