Sop Questions with CORRECT Answers (Verified Update)
Q1: A developmental psychologist observing behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or
clinic is engaging in what type of observation?
Answer: naturalistic observation
Q2: A scientific explanation that remains tentative until it has been adequately tested is called
a(n)
Answer: hypothesis
Q3: A study to determine the degree of relationship between two events is called
Answer: the correlational method
Q4: The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means
Answer: a theory must be defined so that it can be disconfirmed
Q5: In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be
Answer: the dependent variable
Q6: Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when
Answer: they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control
group
Q7: To prevent ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that
Answer: Psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject's dignity
Q8: Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to
Answer: don't do it
Q9: An important limitation of all correlational studies is that they
Answer: cannot detect systematic relationships between more than two variables
Q10: Piaget's four broad stages of cognitive development occur in the following order
Answer: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
, Q11: Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their
Answer: limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors
Q12: Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on
Answer: the over-em- phasis o sexuality in personality development
Q13: The idea that most human behavior depends on its consequences is the basic premise of
Answer: operant learning theory
Q14: Jane is a 9th-grader who earns good grades and is involved in dance and soccer. However,
she is also struggling with body image issues and often feels "left out" in social gatherings.
What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane's situation?
Answer: identity versus confusion
Q15: Bandura believes that is the primary determinant of our willing- ness to perform responses
we have learned through observation.
Answer: the conse- quences we anticipate for performing such acts
Q16: The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of
Answer: mental symbols
Q17: An investigator who studies the development of aggression by selecting a sample of
2-year-olds and a sample of 4-year-olds and follows them for 5 years to see if they become
any more or less aggressive is employing a .
Answer: sequential design
Q18: Mischel's Marshmallow Test focused on
Answer: self-regulation
Q19: According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the macrosys- tem
Answer: is the larger cultural or subcultural context in which development occurs
Q20: According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which two processes are critical for children's
development?
Answer: language and social interaction
Q1: A developmental psychologist observing behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or
clinic is engaging in what type of observation?
Answer: naturalistic observation
Q2: A scientific explanation that remains tentative until it has been adequately tested is called
a(n)
Answer: hypothesis
Q3: A study to determine the degree of relationship between two events is called
Answer: the correlational method
Q4: The phrase "a theory must also be falsifiable" means
Answer: a theory must be defined so that it can be disconfirmed
Q5: In an experiment to find out if taking ginseng increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be
Answer: the dependent variable
Q6: Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when
Answer: they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control
group
Q7: To prevent ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that
Answer: Psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject's dignity
Q8: Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to
Answer: don't do it
Q9: An important limitation of all correlational studies is that they
Answer: cannot detect systematic relationships between more than two variables
Q10: Piaget's four broad stages of cognitive development occur in the following order
Answer: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
, Q11: Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their
Answer: limited recognition of temperament, emotion, and subjective factors
Q12: Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on
Answer: the over-em- phasis o sexuality in personality development
Q13: The idea that most human behavior depends on its consequences is the basic premise of
Answer: operant learning theory
Q14: Jane is a 9th-grader who earns good grades and is involved in dance and soccer. However,
she is also struggling with body image issues and often feels "left out" in social gatherings.
What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane's situation?
Answer: identity versus confusion
Q15: Bandura believes that is the primary determinant of our willing- ness to perform responses
we have learned through observation.
Answer: the conse- quences we anticipate for performing such acts
Q16: The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of
Answer: mental symbols
Q17: An investigator who studies the development of aggression by selecting a sample of
2-year-olds and a sample of 4-year-olds and follows them for 5 years to see if they become
any more or less aggressive is employing a .
Answer: sequential design
Q18: Mischel's Marshmallow Test focused on
Answer: self-regulation
Q19: According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, the macrosys- tem
Answer: is the larger cultural or subcultural context in which development occurs
Q20: According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which two processes are critical for children's
development?
Answer: language and social interaction
