Exam 1: NU 110 / NU110 (Latest 2026/2027) Integrated Human Sciences | Review Questions with Answers | 100 % Correct | Grade A - Galen 2026/2027. 1st one
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Exam 1: NU 110 / NU110 (Latest 2026/2027)
Integrated Human Sciences | Review
Questions with Answers | 100 % Correct |
Grade A - Galen 2026/2027. 1st one
75 75 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• Anatomy & Physiology • Chemistry & Biochemistry for Nursing
• Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems • Acid-Base Balance & Electrolytes
• Nervous & Endocrine Systems • Cellular Metabolism & Enzymes
• Microbiology & Infection Control • Psychology, Sociology & Human Development
• Bacterial, Viral & Fungal Pathogens • Pathophysiology & Disease Processes
• Immunology & Vaccination • Chronic Disease Management
COVER PAGE - 1
,SECTION 1: Anatomy & Physiology | 20%
QUESTION 1
A 42-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating to the left
arm. The nurse reviews the patient's ECG and notes ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V4. The
nurse recognizes that these leads correspond to which anatomical region of the heart that is experiencing
ischemia.
A. The lateral wall of the left ventricle
B. The anterior wall of the left ventricle
C. The inferior wall of the left ventricle
D. The posterior wall of the right ventricle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leads V1 through V4 are the precordial leads that view the anterior wall of the left ventricle. ST-segment
elevation in these leads indicates an anterior wall myocardial infarction, typically caused by occlusion of the left anterior
descending coronary artery. The lateral wall is viewed by leads I, aVL, V5, and V6.
QUESTION 2
A nurse is caring for a patient who sustained a traumatic brain injury affecting the occipital lobe. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will experience which specific deficit based on the functional anatomy of this brain
region.
A. Impaired speech production and articulation
B. Loss of visual processing and interpretation
C. Difficulty with balance and coordination
D. Inability to form new long-term memories
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is the primary visual processing center of the brain. Damage to this region results in visual
deficits ranging from partial visual field loss to complete cortical blindness. Speech production is controlled by Broca's
area in the frontal lobe, and memory formation involves the hippocampus in the temporal lobe.
QUESTION 3
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is receiving supplemental oxygen. The nurse monitors
the patient's respiratory rate and notes that it is 8 breaths per minute. The nurse recognizes that this
bradypnea is dangerous because the primary respiratory drive in patients with COPD is determined by which
physiological factor.
A. Hypoxemia stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors
B. Hypercapnia stimulating central chemoreceptors
C. Acidosis stimulating the medullary respiratory center
D. Hypoxia stimulating the carotid sinus baroreceptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with chronic COPD, the central chemoreceptors become insensitive to CO2 due to chronic
hypercapnia. The primary respiratory drive shifts to hypoxemia stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and
aortic bodies. Excessive supplemental oxygen can suppress this hypoxic drive, causing respiratory depression and CO2
narcosis.
, QUESTION 4
A nurse is assessing a patient who recently had a cerebrovascular accident affecting the left hemisphere.
The nurse observes that the patient has right-sided hemiparesis and difficulty understanding spoken
language. The nurse documents this language deficit as which type of aphasia.
A. Broca's aphasia with intact comprehension
B. Wernicke's aphasia with impaired comprehension
C. Global aphasia affecting all language functions
D. Conduction aphasia with preserved repetition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal lobe and is responsible for language comprehension. Damage
to this area causes Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and impaired comprehension of
spoken and written language. Broca's aphasia affects speech production with intact comprehension.
QUESTION 5
A patient with end-stage renal disease is undergoing hemodialysis. The nurse explains that the kidneys
normally regulate blood pH by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing which ion that acts as the primary
extracellular buffer.
A. Phosphate ions in the proximal tubule
B. Bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule
C. Sodium ions in the distal tubule
D. Chloride ions in the collecting duct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate in the proximal tubule and
generating new bicarbonate in the distal tubule. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is the primary extracellular buffer that neutralizes
acids. In renal failure, this buffering capacity is lost, leading to metabolic acidosis.
QUESTION 6
A nurse is reviewing the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract with a patient scheduled for a colonoscopy. The
nurse explains that the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which specific segment of the small intestine
that contains villi and microvilli.
A. The duodenum, which receives chyme from the stomach
B. The jejunum, which has the greatest surface area for absorption
C. The ileum, which absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts
D. The cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The jejunum is the middle segment of the small intestine and contains the highest density of villi and microvilli,
providing the greatest surface area for nutrient absorption. Most carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are absorbed here. The
duodenum primarily receives chyme and begins digestion, while the ileum absorbs B12 and bile salts.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Exam 1: NU 110 / NU110 (Latest 2026/2027)
Integrated Human Sciences | Review
Questions with Answers | 100 % Correct |
Grade A - Galen 2026/2027. 1st one
75 75 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
• Anatomy & Physiology • Chemistry & Biochemistry for Nursing
• Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems • Acid-Base Balance & Electrolytes
• Nervous & Endocrine Systems • Cellular Metabolism & Enzymes
• Microbiology & Infection Control • Psychology, Sociology & Human Development
• Bacterial, Viral & Fungal Pathogens • Pathophysiology & Disease Processes
• Immunology & Vaccination • Chronic Disease Management
COVER PAGE - 1
,SECTION 1: Anatomy & Physiology | 20%
QUESTION 1
A 42-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with crushing chest pain radiating to the left
arm. The nurse reviews the patient's ECG and notes ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V4. The
nurse recognizes that these leads correspond to which anatomical region of the heart that is experiencing
ischemia.
A. The lateral wall of the left ventricle
B. The anterior wall of the left ventricle
C. The inferior wall of the left ventricle
D. The posterior wall of the right ventricle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leads V1 through V4 are the precordial leads that view the anterior wall of the left ventricle. ST-segment
elevation in these leads indicates an anterior wall myocardial infarction, typically caused by occlusion of the left anterior
descending coronary artery. The lateral wall is viewed by leads I, aVL, V5, and V6.
QUESTION 2
A nurse is caring for a patient who sustained a traumatic brain injury affecting the occipital lobe. The nurse
anticipates that the patient will experience which specific deficit based on the functional anatomy of this brain
region.
A. Impaired speech production and articulation
B. Loss of visual processing and interpretation
C. Difficulty with balance and coordination
D. Inability to form new long-term memories
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is the primary visual processing center of the brain. Damage to this region results in visual
deficits ranging from partial visual field loss to complete cortical blindness. Speech production is controlled by Broca's
area in the frontal lobe, and memory formation involves the hippocampus in the temporal lobe.
QUESTION 3
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is receiving supplemental oxygen. The nurse monitors
the patient's respiratory rate and notes that it is 8 breaths per minute. The nurse recognizes that this
bradypnea is dangerous because the primary respiratory drive in patients with COPD is determined by which
physiological factor.
A. Hypoxemia stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors
B. Hypercapnia stimulating central chemoreceptors
C. Acidosis stimulating the medullary respiratory center
D. Hypoxia stimulating the carotid sinus baroreceptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In patients with chronic COPD, the central chemoreceptors become insensitive to CO2 due to chronic
hypercapnia. The primary respiratory drive shifts to hypoxemia stimulating peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and
aortic bodies. Excessive supplemental oxygen can suppress this hypoxic drive, causing respiratory depression and CO2
narcosis.
, QUESTION 4
A nurse is assessing a patient who recently had a cerebrovascular accident affecting the left hemisphere.
The nurse observes that the patient has right-sided hemiparesis and difficulty understanding spoken
language. The nurse documents this language deficit as which type of aphasia.
A. Broca's aphasia with intact comprehension
B. Wernicke's aphasia with impaired comprehension
C. Global aphasia affecting all language functions
D. Conduction aphasia with preserved repetition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal lobe and is responsible for language comprehension. Damage
to this area causes Wernicke's aphasia, characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech and impaired comprehension of
spoken and written language. Broca's aphasia affects speech production with intact comprehension.
QUESTION 5
A patient with end-stage renal disease is undergoing hemodialysis. The nurse explains that the kidneys
normally regulate blood pH by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing which ion that acts as the primary
extracellular buffer.
A. Phosphate ions in the proximal tubule
B. Bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule
C. Sodium ions in the distal tubule
D. Chloride ions in the collecting duct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The kidneys regulate acid-base balance by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate in the proximal tubule and
generating new bicarbonate in the distal tubule. Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is the primary extracellular buffer that neutralizes
acids. In renal failure, this buffering capacity is lost, leading to metabolic acidosis.
QUESTION 6
A nurse is reviewing the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract with a patient scheduled for a colonoscopy. The
nurse explains that the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which specific segment of the small intestine
that contains villi and microvilli.
A. The duodenum, which receives chyme from the stomach
B. The jejunum, which has the greatest surface area for absorption
C. The ileum, which absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts
D. The cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The jejunum is the middle segment of the small intestine and contains the highest density of villi and microvilli,
providing the greatest surface area for nutrient absorption. Most carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are absorbed here. The
duodenum primarily receives chyme and begins digestion, while the ileum absorbs B12 and bile salts.
