Innate Immunity: Inflammation & Wound Healing Questions & Answers
2026 | Verified Exam Solutions
What are the two main types of immunity? - (ANSWER)Innate resistance and adaptive (acquired)
immune system.
What constitutes the first line of defense in the immune system? - (ANSWER)Natural barriers such as
skin and mucous membranes.
What is the role of inflammation in the immune response? - (ANSWER)It serves as a second line of
defense to respond to infection and injury.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - (ANSWER)Redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
What initiates the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)Infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient
deprivation, temperature extremes, and radiation.
What are the components of the first line of defense? - (ANSWER)Physical barriers (skin, mucous
membranes) and biochemical barriers (antibacterial peptides, normal microbiome).
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)To limit and control the inflammatory
process, prevent infection, and prepare for healing.
What are the three plasma protein systems involved in the immune response? - (ANSWER)Complement
system, clotting system, and kinin system.
What is the function of the complement system? - (ANSWER)To activate and collaborate with other
components of the inflammatory response and can directly destroy pathogens.
What is the main substance of the clotting system? - (ANSWER)Fibrin, which forms a mesh to prevent
the spread of infection and stop bleeding.
, Innate Immunity: Inflammation & Wound Healing Questions & Answers
2026 | Verified Exam Solutions
What does the kinin system do? - (ANSWER)Activates inflammatory cells and causes vasodilation, pain,
and increased vascular permeability.
What are cytokines? - (ANSWER)Small proteins important in cell signaling that regulate immune
responses.
What is the role of interleukins in inflammation? - (ANSWER)They help regulate inflammation and have
various pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.
What is the function of interferons? - (ANSWER)To protect against viral infections by inducing the
production of anti-viral proteins in neighboring cells.
What is TNF-α and its role in inflammation? - (ANSWER)A cytokine secreted by macrophages that
induces fever and increases pro-inflammatory protein synthesis.
What are chemokines? - (ANSWER)Cytokines that induce white blood cell chemotaxis to direct
leukocytes to inflamed areas.
What are mast cells and their role in inflammation? - (ANSWER)Leukocytes that release histamine and
cytokines, playing a crucial role in allergic reactions and inflammation.
What triggers mast cell degranulation? - (ANSWER)Physical injury, chemical agents, and immunologic
processes.
What is the effect of histamine released by mast cells? - (ANSWER)Causes vasodilation and increases
vascular permeability.
What is the significance of the normal microbiome in immunity? - (ANSWER)It inhibits colonization by
pathogens and produces substances that prevent infection.
2026 | Verified Exam Solutions
What are the two main types of immunity? - (ANSWER)Innate resistance and adaptive (acquired)
immune system.
What constitutes the first line of defense in the immune system? - (ANSWER)Natural barriers such as
skin and mucous membranes.
What is the role of inflammation in the immune response? - (ANSWER)It serves as a second line of
defense to respond to infection and injury.
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation? - (ANSWER)Redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
What initiates the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)Infection, mechanical damage, ischemia, nutrient
deprivation, temperature extremes, and radiation.
What are the components of the first line of defense? - (ANSWER)Physical barriers (skin, mucous
membranes) and biochemical barriers (antibacterial peptides, normal microbiome).
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)To limit and control the inflammatory
process, prevent infection, and prepare for healing.
What are the three plasma protein systems involved in the immune response? - (ANSWER)Complement
system, clotting system, and kinin system.
What is the function of the complement system? - (ANSWER)To activate and collaborate with other
components of the inflammatory response and can directly destroy pathogens.
What is the main substance of the clotting system? - (ANSWER)Fibrin, which forms a mesh to prevent
the spread of infection and stop bleeding.
, Innate Immunity: Inflammation & Wound Healing Questions & Answers
2026 | Verified Exam Solutions
What does the kinin system do? - (ANSWER)Activates inflammatory cells and causes vasodilation, pain,
and increased vascular permeability.
What are cytokines? - (ANSWER)Small proteins important in cell signaling that regulate immune
responses.
What is the role of interleukins in inflammation? - (ANSWER)They help regulate inflammation and have
various pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.
What is the function of interferons? - (ANSWER)To protect against viral infections by inducing the
production of anti-viral proteins in neighboring cells.
What is TNF-α and its role in inflammation? - (ANSWER)A cytokine secreted by macrophages that
induces fever and increases pro-inflammatory protein synthesis.
What are chemokines? - (ANSWER)Cytokines that induce white blood cell chemotaxis to direct
leukocytes to inflamed areas.
What are mast cells and their role in inflammation? - (ANSWER)Leukocytes that release histamine and
cytokines, playing a crucial role in allergic reactions and inflammation.
What triggers mast cell degranulation? - (ANSWER)Physical injury, chemical agents, and immunologic
processes.
What is the effect of histamine released by mast cells? - (ANSWER)Causes vasodilation and increases
vascular permeability.
What is the significance of the normal microbiome in immunity? - (ANSWER)It inhibits colonization by
pathogens and produces substances that prevent infection.
