NURSl 5334/l NURS5334l Examl 1l (NEWl
2026l Update)l –l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl Reviewl |l Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l UTA
QUESTION
whyl dol drugsl causel bothl desiredl effectsl andl unwantedl ADRs?
Answer:
theyl canl bindl tol morel thanl onel neurotransmitter;l sol theyl bindl thel onel we'rel aimingl
forl butl alsol onesl wel don'tl necessarilyl need,l sometimesl causingl unwantedl sidel effectsl
(alsol whyl wel canl usel somel drugsl forl off-labell indicationsl btw)
QUESTION
Al drugl thatl bindsl tol al receptorl andl producesl al maximall biologicl responsel thatl mimicsl
thel responsel ofl thel endogenousl ligand
Answer:
Fulll agonist
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl al fulll agonist
Answer:
1l (thinkl ofl itl asl beingl 100l percentl comparablel tol thel naturallyl occurringl ligand)
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl partiall agonist
,Answer:
<l 1l butl >0l (thel activityl ofl thel agonistl isl somewhatl comparablel tol thel endogenousl
ligand,l butl notl 100%l comparable)
QUESTION
alll fulll agonistsl forl al receptorl populationl shouldl producel thel samel ____
Answer:
emax
QUESTION
Canl partiall agonistsl everl producel thel samel Emaxl asl al fulll agonist?
Answer:
No.l Evenl ifl alll receptorsl arel occupied,l thel effectl willl bel lessl thanl fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Canl partiall agonistsl everl havel anl affinityl thatl isl similarl tol al fulll agonist?
Answer:
Yes.l Al partiall agonistl canl havel anl affinityl forl al receptorl thatl isl lessl than,l equall to,l orl
greaterl thanl al fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Dol fulll agonistsl havel al higherl affinityl thanl partiall agonists?
Answer:
Notl necessarily.l Thel affinityl isn'tl determinedl byl thel levell ofl intrinsicl activity,l sol itl canl
havel al higherl orl lowerl affinityl thanl al partiall agonist,l orl thel affinityl mayl bel thel same.l
Affinityl isl notl equall tol efficacy.
QUESTION
,Howl canl partiall agonistsl alsol havel antagonisticl effects?
Answer:
Thel partiall agonistsl bindl withl receptors,l decreasingl thel numberl ofl availablel receptorsl
forl thel fulll agonistsl tol bindl with,l whichl leadsl tol al decreasel inl thel maximuml efficacyl
ofl thel fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl inversel agonists
Answer:
<l 0
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl inversel agonists?
Answer:
Inversel agonistsl bindl withl receptorsl tol producel anl effectl OPPOSITEl ofl thel endogenousl
ligand.l theyl dol thisl byl reversingl thel activationl statel ofl thel receptors,l causingl thel
oppositel effectl ofl agonists.
QUESTION
Howl doesl anl inversel agonistl differl froml anl antagonist?
Answer:
Antagonistsl simplyl blockl effect.l Theyl dol notl causel receptorsl tol triggerl anyl sortl ofl
cascadel butl ratherl preventl bindingl tol preventl activation.l Inversel agonistsl DOl triggerl al
cascade,l butl thel cascadel hasl thel oppositel effectl ofl thel endogenousl ligand,l whichl
producesl anl oppositel effectl ofl whatl anl agonistl wouldl produce.l So,l ratherl thanl
preventingl action,l theyl causel anl oppositel action.
QUESTION
Thesel drugsl bindl withl receptorl sitesl tol maintainl anl inactivel state,l butl thisl mechanisml
canl bel overriddenl byl increasingl thel concentrationl ofl anl agonist.
, Answer:
Competitivel antagonist
QUESTION
Whyl arel irreversiblel antagonistsl irriversible?
Answer:
Theyl forml al covalentl bondl withl receptorl sitesl andl inactivatel thel site,l therebyl
decreasingl thel numberl ofl availablel receptorl sitesl permanently.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel 2l typesl ofl noncompetitivel antagonists?
Answer:
Irreversiblel andl allosteric
QUESTION
___________l _________l reducel agonistl efficacy;l _____l _______l reducel agonistl potency
Answer:
noncompetitivel agonists;l competitivel agonists
QUESTION
noncompetitivel agonistsl reducel agonistl _____________;l competitivel agonistsl reducel
agonistl _________.
Answer:
efficacy;l potency
QUESTION
2026l Update)l –l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl Reviewl |l Questionsl &l
Answersl |l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l UTA
QUESTION
whyl dol drugsl causel bothl desiredl effectsl andl unwantedl ADRs?
Answer:
theyl canl bindl tol morel thanl onel neurotransmitter;l sol theyl bindl thel onel we'rel aimingl
forl butl alsol onesl wel don'tl necessarilyl need,l sometimesl causingl unwantedl sidel effectsl
(alsol whyl wel canl usel somel drugsl forl off-labell indicationsl btw)
QUESTION
Al drugl thatl bindsl tol al receptorl andl producesl al maximall biologicl responsel thatl mimicsl
thel responsel ofl thel endogenousl ligand
Answer:
Fulll agonist
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl al fulll agonist
Answer:
1l (thinkl ofl itl asl beingl 100l percentl comparablel tol thel naturallyl occurringl ligand)
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl partiall agonist
,Answer:
<l 1l butl >0l (thel activityl ofl thel agonistl isl somewhatl comparablel tol thel endogenousl
ligand,l butl notl 100%l comparable)
QUESTION
alll fulll agonistsl forl al receptorl populationl shouldl producel thel samel ____
Answer:
emax
QUESTION
Canl partiall agonistsl everl producel thel samel Emaxl asl al fulll agonist?
Answer:
No.l Evenl ifl alll receptorsl arel occupied,l thel effectl willl bel lessl thanl fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Canl partiall agonistsl everl havel anl affinityl thatl isl similarl tol al fulll agonist?
Answer:
Yes.l Al partiall agonistl canl havel anl affinityl forl al receptorl thatl isl lessl than,l equall to,l orl
greaterl thanl al fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Dol fulll agonistsl havel al higherl affinityl thanl partiall agonists?
Answer:
Notl necessarily.l Thel affinityl isn'tl determinedl byl thel levell ofl intrinsicl activity,l sol itl canl
havel al higherl orl lowerl affinityl thanl al partiall agonist,l orl thel affinityl mayl bel thel same.l
Affinityl isl notl equall tol efficacy.
QUESTION
,Howl canl partiall agonistsl alsol havel antagonisticl effects?
Answer:
Thel partiall agonistsl bindl withl receptors,l decreasingl thel numberl ofl availablel receptorsl
forl thel fulll agonistsl tol bindl with,l whichl leadsl tol al decreasel inl thel maximuml efficacyl
ofl thel fulll agonist.
QUESTION
Intrinsicl activityl ofl inversel agonists
Answer:
<l 0
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl inversel agonists?
Answer:
Inversel agonistsl bindl withl receptorsl tol producel anl effectl OPPOSITEl ofl thel endogenousl
ligand.l theyl dol thisl byl reversingl thel activationl statel ofl thel receptors,l causingl thel
oppositel effectl ofl agonists.
QUESTION
Howl doesl anl inversel agonistl differl froml anl antagonist?
Answer:
Antagonistsl simplyl blockl effect.l Theyl dol notl causel receptorsl tol triggerl anyl sortl ofl
cascadel butl ratherl preventl bindingl tol preventl activation.l Inversel agonistsl DOl triggerl al
cascade,l butl thel cascadel hasl thel oppositel effectl ofl thel endogenousl ligand,l whichl
producesl anl oppositel effectl ofl whatl anl agonistl wouldl produce.l So,l ratherl thanl
preventingl action,l theyl causel anl oppositel action.
QUESTION
Thesel drugsl bindl withl receptorl sitesl tol maintainl anl inactivel state,l butl thisl mechanisml
canl bel overriddenl byl increasingl thel concentrationl ofl anl agonist.
, Answer:
Competitivel antagonist
QUESTION
Whyl arel irreversiblel antagonistsl irriversible?
Answer:
Theyl forml al covalentl bondl withl receptorl sitesl andl inactivatel thel site,l therebyl
decreasingl thel numberl ofl availablel receptorl sitesl permanently.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel 2l typesl ofl noncompetitivel antagonists?
Answer:
Irreversiblel andl allosteric
QUESTION
___________l _________l reducel agonistl efficacy;l _____l _______l reducel agonistl potency
Answer:
noncompetitivel agonists;l competitivel agonists
QUESTION
noncompetitivel agonistsl reducel agonistl _____________;l competitivel agonistsl reducel
agonistl _________.
Answer:
efficacy;l potency
QUESTION
