PHARMACOLOGY NURSING LEHNES
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 FULL SOLUTION VIEW
AHEAD QUESTIONS
◉ First line drugs for patients with signs of fluid overload
Answer: Diuretics
◉ Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)
Answer: Increase force and velocity of myocardial contractions
>>improve stroke volume and CO
Slows the conduction rate
>>allowing for increased ventricular filling
Therapeutic Uses:
-Heart Failure
-Atrial Fibrillation
- does not prolong life
Precautions/Interactions:
, -Thiazide or loop diuretics increase risk of hypokalemia and
precipitate digoxin toxicity
-ACEs and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia
-verapamil (CCB) increases toxicity risk
- Omeprazole may increase Digoxin levels
Side Effects:
-Digoxin Toxicity: anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness,
diplopia, blurred vision, yellow/green/white halos around objects
Interventions/Education:
-assess apical pulse for 1 min prior to administration
-notify Dr if HR is less than 60 (adult), less than 70 (child), or less
than 90 (infant)
-monitor for s/s of digoxin toxicity, hypokalemia, and
hypomagnesemia
-notify Dr of any sudden increase in pulse rate that previously been
normal or low
-maintain therapeutic digoxin level (0.8-2.0); toxic levels >2.4
Management of digoxin toxicity:
-D/C digoxin and potassium wasting meds
-treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin or lidocaine
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION 2026 FULL SOLUTION VIEW
AHEAD QUESTIONS
◉ First line drugs for patients with signs of fluid overload
Answer: Diuretics
◉ Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin)
Answer: Increase force and velocity of myocardial contractions
>>improve stroke volume and CO
Slows the conduction rate
>>allowing for increased ventricular filling
Therapeutic Uses:
-Heart Failure
-Atrial Fibrillation
- does not prolong life
Precautions/Interactions:
, -Thiazide or loop diuretics increase risk of hypokalemia and
precipitate digoxin toxicity
-ACEs and ARBs increase risk of hyperkalemia
-verapamil (CCB) increases toxicity risk
- Omeprazole may increase Digoxin levels
Side Effects:
-Digoxin Toxicity: anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness,
diplopia, blurred vision, yellow/green/white halos around objects
Interventions/Education:
-assess apical pulse for 1 min prior to administration
-notify Dr if HR is less than 60 (adult), less than 70 (child), or less
than 90 (infant)
-monitor for s/s of digoxin toxicity, hypokalemia, and
hypomagnesemia
-notify Dr of any sudden increase in pulse rate that previously been
normal or low
-maintain therapeutic digoxin level (0.8-2.0); toxic levels >2.4
Management of digoxin toxicity:
-D/C digoxin and potassium wasting meds
-treat dysrhythmias with phenytoin or lidocaine
