TEST BANK !x
FOUNDATIONSFORPOPULATIONHEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
x! x! !x !x !x
C HEALTH NURSING
!x !x
by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
!x !x !x !x ! x
6TH EDITION
!x
, Table of Contents !x !x
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x ! x !x
!x 03: US and Global Health Care
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
!x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chapt
!x !x !x !x
er 09: Evidence-
!x !x
Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologic
!x !x !x !x
al Applications
!x
Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation Ch
!x !x !x !x !x !x
apter 14: Health Education in the Community Chapter 1
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
5: Case Management
!x !x
Chapter 16: Disaster Management !x !x !x
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Cha
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
pter 18: Program Management
!x !x !x
Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
!x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics Ch
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
apter 21: Family Health Risks
!x !x !x !x
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
x24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Chapte
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
r 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapter 27:
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Violence and Human Abuse !x !x !x
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health Chapt
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
er 29: The Faith Community Nurse
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
31: The Nurse in the Schools
x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
!x !x !x !x !x !x
, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
MULTIPLE CHOICE !x
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x
a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs. !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS A ! x
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
!x !x !x !x !x !x
specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emp
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
hasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurses may be ge
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
neralists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or syste
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ms.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Providing care to individuals and families !x !x !x !x !x
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
By definition, community-
!x !x
oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
All Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acut
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Families and groups !x !x
b. Illness-oriented care !x
c. Individuals within the family unit !x !x !x !x
d. Health care of communities and populations !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups,
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the population
x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in the co
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x ! x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
mmunity, and the focus of practice is on individual or !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
family-centered illness care. !x !x
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures !x !x !x !x !x
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs !x !x !x !x !x
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections !x !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible for incr
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
easing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
improvements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug is disc
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
overed that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains i
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
n the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Following
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
interventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse? !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Provide free health care to all citizens !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS B ! x
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number o
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
f people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burden it places on t
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
he American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (r
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
esources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect th
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e health of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that conditions e
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
xist in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities. The f
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ocus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy c
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
hoices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
needed health services !x !x
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the commun
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ity to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should be chosen, assessin
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
g the community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not demonstrate the en
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
gagement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and needs.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS B ! x
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or gro
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ups about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more aggressive
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
xin working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institutional settings to dea
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
l with barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most represe
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ntative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health, broad concerns of the comm
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
unity should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, an
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d watching television (a one-way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate? !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. A large group of persons !x !x !x !x
b. A collection of individuals and families
!x !x !x !x !x
c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. Another name for demographic group !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members of a co
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
mmunity can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special interest (e.g., chil
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
dren attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used interchangeably with th
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name for demographic group are
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
not accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
x !x !x !x !x !x !x
10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?” !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?”
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?”
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS A ! x
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Policy development !x
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care !x !x
ANS C ! x
Assurance includes making sure that essential community- !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development. Scien
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
tific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information ava
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ilable about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health of the popu
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
lation, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
. 2
FOUNDATIONSFORPOPULATIONHEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
x! x! !x !x !x
C HEALTH NURSING
!x !x
by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
!x !x !x !x ! x
6TH EDITION
!x
, Table of Contents !x !x
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x ! x !x
!x 03: US and Global Health Care
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
!x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chapt
!x !x !x !x
er 09: Evidence-
!x !x
Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologic
!x !x !x !x
al Applications
!x
Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation Ch
!x !x !x !x !x !x
apter 14: Health Education in the Community Chapter 1
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
5: Case Management
!x !x
Chapter 16: Disaster Management !x !x !x
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Cha
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
pter 18: Program Management
!x !x !x
Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
!x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics Ch
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
apter 21: Family Health Risks
!x !x !x !x
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
x24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Chapte
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
r 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapter 27:
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Violence and Human Abuse !x !x !x
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health Chapt
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
er 29: The Faith Community Nurse
!x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Chapter
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
31: The Nurse in the Schools
x !x !x !x !x !x
Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
!x !x !x !x !x !x
, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
MULTIPLE CHOICE !x
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x
a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs. !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS A ! x
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
!x !x !x !x !x !x
specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emp
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
hasis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurses may be ge
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
neralists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or syste
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ms.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Providing care to individuals and families !x !x !x !x !x
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
By definition, community-
!x !x
oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
All Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acut
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e or chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Families and groups !x !x
b. Illness-oriented care !x
c. Individuals within the family unit !x !x !x !x
d. Health care of communities and populations !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups,
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the population
x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in the co
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x ! x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
mmunity, and the focus of practice is on individual or !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
family-centered illness care. !x !x
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures !x !x !x !x !x
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs !x !x !x !x !x
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections !x !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible for incr
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
easing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
improvements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug is disc
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
overed that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains i
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
n the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Following
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
interventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse? !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Provide free health care to all citizens !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS B ! x
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number o
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
f people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burden it places on t
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
he American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (r
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
esources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect th
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e health of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that conditions e
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
xist in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities. The f
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ocus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy c
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
hoices is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
needed health services !x !x
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS D ! x
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the commun
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ity to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
and improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should be chosen, assessin
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
g the community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not demonstrate the en
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
gagement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and needs.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS B ! x
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or gro
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ups about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more aggressive
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
xin working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institutional settings to dea
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
l with barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most represe
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ntative, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health, broad concerns of the comm
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
unity should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, an
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d watching television (a one-way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate? !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. A large group of persons !x !x !x !x
b. A collection of individuals and families
!x !x !x !x !x
c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. Another name for demographic group !x !x !x !x
ANS C ! x
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members of a co
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
mmunity can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special interest (e.g., chil
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
dren attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used interchangeably with th
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
e term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name for demographic group are
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !
not accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
x !x !x !x !x !x !x
10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?” !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?”
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?”
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ANS A ! x
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
a. Policy development !x
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care !x !x
ANS C ! x
Assurance includes making sure that essential community- !x !x !x !x !x !x
oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development. Scien
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
tific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information ava
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
ilable about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health of the popu
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
lation, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
!x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x !x
. 2
