KNH 184 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
The ______ is a major producer of dopamine - Answers - substantia nigra
On average in the U.S. for every 100 persons who suffer & survive a stroke _______
will typically experience disability significant enough to affect employability - Answers -
75
Hypotonia is the opposite of: - Answers - rigidity
Which of the following brain structures is often targeted in deep brain stimulation -
Answers - globus pallidus
Torticollis, or cervical dystonia, affects what part of the body - Answers - neck
T-F muscular dystrophy & Parkinson's disease are both diseases of the muscular
system - Answers - False
Dyskinesia is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease - Answers - False
_______ is NOT classified as a developmental disability - Answers - Stroke
The risk of neural tube birth defects can be reduced by approximately ______ women
take supplemental folic acid before & during pregnancy - Answers - 75%
Regarding medical research, list two advantages of "induced-pluripotent" stem cells
have over naturally. Occurring pluripotent stem cells - Answers - -little chance of tissue
rejection
-human embryos do not have to be destroyed
Paralysis on one side of the body is: - Answers - hemiplegia
A _______ is defined as a deficiency in the mechanisms and or strategies for achieving
a movement goal - Answers - movement deficit
The symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from: - Answers - an insufficient supply of
dopamine in the brain
What is the difference between the symptoms of akinesia and bradykinesia? - Answers
- akinesia is the inability to begin a movement and bradykinesia is the slowness of
movement
,Powerful clot-busting drugs are designed to treat which type of stroke? - Answers -
ischemic strokes
What is the difference between structural and behavior adjustment in recovery from
stroke? - Answers - structural adjustment is cortical reorganization and behavior
adjustment is changing of the dominant hand
How does pallidotomy attempt to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease - Answers -
destroys hyperactive neurons
Common movement-related deficits that result from stroke - Answers - -hemiparesis
-hemiplegia
-aphasia
What. Causes the symptoms of Parkinson's disease - Answers - loss of dopamine-
secreting cells in the substantial nigra
What are the two primary types of stroke - Answers - -ischemic
-hemorrhagic
Describe constraint-induced movement therapy & provide examples of how it is used in
rehabilitation - Answers - puts constraints on the unaffected body part, forcing the brain
to make new synaptic connections in order to use the affected body part
Four primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease: - Answers - -tremor
-rigidity
-akinesia/bradykinesia
-postural changes
Tremor - Answers - shaking of movement in extremities or the face
Rigidity - Answers - too much muscle tone & muscles are constantly contracting
Akinesia - Answers - inability to initiate movement
Bradykinesia - Answers - slowness of movement
Postural changes - Answers - walking posture & tripping & falls. Is a challenge
Hemiparesis - Answers - weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia - Answers - paralysis of one side of the body
Aphasia - Answers - impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
, Hypotonia - Answers - reduced muscle tone or tension
Which movement disorders primarily produce progressive weakness & atrophy of
muscle tissue - Answers - -hypotonia
-atrophy
-hemiplegia
Which movement disorder is caused by a defect/mutation in a single gene - Answers -
Huntington's Disease
What is the difference between a movement deficit & a movement disorder - Answers -
movement deficits are a broad category and movement disorders are types of
movement deficits
Movement deficit - Answers - deficiency in the mechanisms & or strategies for achieving
a movement goal
Movement disorder - Answers - 1/20 neurological conditions that affect movement
Paradoxical movement - Answers - -unexpectedly 'normal' movement that occur in the
presence of certain types of visual stimuli
-related to Parkinson's
List three important warning signs of stroke: - Answers - -sudden numbness or
weakness of face, arm, or leg
-sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech
-sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
-sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of coordination
Ischemic stroke - Answers - -blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted due to a
blood clot
-85% of strokes
Hemorrhagic stroke - Answers - a ruptures blood vessel causes bleeding & the bleeding
compresses the surrounding tissue causing injury
What are embryonic stem cells, and how might they be used to develop cues for spinal
cord injuries and Parkinson's disease - Answers - -formed as a normal part of
embryonic development
-pluripotent so they have the potential to become any type of cell in the body
-promising for treatment
Developmental disability - Answers - -life long disabilities attributal to mental & or
physical impairments usually manifested in childhood
-intellectual disability
ANSWERS
The ______ is a major producer of dopamine - Answers - substantia nigra
On average in the U.S. for every 100 persons who suffer & survive a stroke _______
will typically experience disability significant enough to affect employability - Answers -
75
Hypotonia is the opposite of: - Answers - rigidity
Which of the following brain structures is often targeted in deep brain stimulation -
Answers - globus pallidus
Torticollis, or cervical dystonia, affects what part of the body - Answers - neck
T-F muscular dystrophy & Parkinson's disease are both diseases of the muscular
system - Answers - False
Dyskinesia is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease - Answers - False
_______ is NOT classified as a developmental disability - Answers - Stroke
The risk of neural tube birth defects can be reduced by approximately ______ women
take supplemental folic acid before & during pregnancy - Answers - 75%
Regarding medical research, list two advantages of "induced-pluripotent" stem cells
have over naturally. Occurring pluripotent stem cells - Answers - -little chance of tissue
rejection
-human embryos do not have to be destroyed
Paralysis on one side of the body is: - Answers - hemiplegia
A _______ is defined as a deficiency in the mechanisms and or strategies for achieving
a movement goal - Answers - movement deficit
The symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from: - Answers - an insufficient supply of
dopamine in the brain
What is the difference between the symptoms of akinesia and bradykinesia? - Answers
- akinesia is the inability to begin a movement and bradykinesia is the slowness of
movement
,Powerful clot-busting drugs are designed to treat which type of stroke? - Answers -
ischemic strokes
What is the difference between structural and behavior adjustment in recovery from
stroke? - Answers - structural adjustment is cortical reorganization and behavior
adjustment is changing of the dominant hand
How does pallidotomy attempt to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson's disease - Answers -
destroys hyperactive neurons
Common movement-related deficits that result from stroke - Answers - -hemiparesis
-hemiplegia
-aphasia
What. Causes the symptoms of Parkinson's disease - Answers - loss of dopamine-
secreting cells in the substantial nigra
What are the two primary types of stroke - Answers - -ischemic
-hemorrhagic
Describe constraint-induced movement therapy & provide examples of how it is used in
rehabilitation - Answers - puts constraints on the unaffected body part, forcing the brain
to make new synaptic connections in order to use the affected body part
Four primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease: - Answers - -tremor
-rigidity
-akinesia/bradykinesia
-postural changes
Tremor - Answers - shaking of movement in extremities or the face
Rigidity - Answers - too much muscle tone & muscles are constantly contracting
Akinesia - Answers - inability to initiate movement
Bradykinesia - Answers - slowness of movement
Postural changes - Answers - walking posture & tripping & falls. Is a challenge
Hemiparesis - Answers - weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia - Answers - paralysis of one side of the body
Aphasia - Answers - impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere
damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
, Hypotonia - Answers - reduced muscle tone or tension
Which movement disorders primarily produce progressive weakness & atrophy of
muscle tissue - Answers - -hypotonia
-atrophy
-hemiplegia
Which movement disorder is caused by a defect/mutation in a single gene - Answers -
Huntington's Disease
What is the difference between a movement deficit & a movement disorder - Answers -
movement deficits are a broad category and movement disorders are types of
movement deficits
Movement deficit - Answers - deficiency in the mechanisms & or strategies for achieving
a movement goal
Movement disorder - Answers - 1/20 neurological conditions that affect movement
Paradoxical movement - Answers - -unexpectedly 'normal' movement that occur in the
presence of certain types of visual stimuli
-related to Parkinson's
List three important warning signs of stroke: - Answers - -sudden numbness or
weakness of face, arm, or leg
-sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech
-sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
-sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of coordination
Ischemic stroke - Answers - -blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted due to a
blood clot
-85% of strokes
Hemorrhagic stroke - Answers - a ruptures blood vessel causes bleeding & the bleeding
compresses the surrounding tissue causing injury
What are embryonic stem cells, and how might they be used to develop cues for spinal
cord injuries and Parkinson's disease - Answers - -formed as a normal part of
embryonic development
-pluripotent so they have the potential to become any type of cell in the body
-promising for treatment
Developmental disability - Answers - -life long disabilities attributal to mental & or
physical impairments usually manifested in childhood
-intellectual disability
