BIOL 2130-2131 ECU Survey Anatomy
and Physiology Final Exam on
Chapters 14, 15, and 16
Absorption - ANS-Movement of vitamins into the bloodstream
Accessory Digestive Organs - ANS--Includes tooth, tongue, and different big digestive organs
-Assists digestion in diverse ways
-Teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
Accomplishing Fertilization - ANS--An oocyte is viable up to 24 hours after ovulation
-Sperm are viable as much as 48 hours after ejaculation
-For fertilization to occur, sexual sex have to occur no greater than 2 days earlier than ovulation
and no later than 24 hours after
-Sperm cells have to make their manner to the uterine tube for fertilization to be feasible
-Sperm cells are drawn to the oocyte by chemical compounds
-When sperm reach the oocyte:
-Enzymes break down the follicle cells of the corona radiata across the oocyte
-Sperm undergo an acrosomal response
-Membrane receptors at the oocyte pull in the head of the first sperm cellular to make contact
-Oocyte undergoes second meiotic department to supply an ovum and a polar frame
-Fertilization happens while the genetic fabric of a sperm combines with that of an oocyte
Activities of Small Intestine: Chyme Breakdown and Absorption - ANS--Intestinal enzymes from
the comb border function to:
-Break double sugars into simple sugars
-Complete some protein digestion
-Intestinal enzymes and pancreatic enzymes help to complete digestion of all food organizations
-Pancreatic enzymes play the predominant function inside the digestion of fat, proteins, and
carbohydrates
-Alkaline content neutralizes acidic chyme and affords the right environment for the pancreatic
enzymes to perform
-Release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas into the duodenum is stimulated by using: Vagus
nerves, neighborhood hormones that travel thru the blood to persuade the release of pancreatic
juice (and bile), Secretin, and Cholecystokinin (CCK)
-Hormones (secretin and CCK) also goal the liver and gallbladder to release bile
-Bile acts as a fats emulsifier
Needed for fats absorption and absorption of fats-soluble nutrients (K, D, E, and A)
,-Water is absorbed along the length of the small intestine
-Most substances are absorbed through lively shipping through mobile membranes
-Lipids are absorbed via diffusion
-Substances are transported to the liver by means of the hepatic portal vein or lymph
Activities of the Large Intestine: Nutrient Breakdown and Absorption - ANS--No digestive
enzymes are produced
-Resident micro organism digest closing vitamins
-Produce a few nutrition K and some B vitamins
-Release gases
-Water, vitamins, ions, and final water are absorbed
-Remaining substances are eliminated via feces
Activities of the Large Intestine: Propulsion of Food Residue and Defecation - ANS--Sluggish
peristalsis starts while food residue arrives
-Haustral contractions are the actions going on most often within the large intestine
-Mass actions are slow, powerful moves that occur 3 to four times according to day
-Presence of feces in the rectum reasons a defecation reflex
1. Internal anal sphincter is relaxed
2. Defecation occurs with relaxation of the voluntary (external) anal sphincter
Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract) - ANS--Continuous, coiled, hole tube that runs
thru the ventral cavity from stomach to anus
-Includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, belly, small and huge intestine, and anus
-Organs ingest, digest, soak up, defecate
Alimentary Canal Nerve Plexuses - ANS--Alimentary canal wall carries two intrinsic nerve
plexuses that are a part of the autonomic anxious gadget
-Submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses
-Regulate mobility and secretory hobby of the GI tract
Amount of Water in Human Body - ANS--Young person females = 50%
-Young adult men = 60%
-Babies = 75%
-The aged = 45%
-Water is important for plenty body features, and ranges need to be maintained
Anatomical Changes from Pregnancy - ANS--Enlargement of the uterus
-Accentuated lumbar curvature (lordosis)
-Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis due to manufacturing of the hormone
relaxin
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System - ANS--Ovaries
-Duct device
, -Uterine (fallopian) tubes
-Uterus
-Vagina
-External genitalia
Anatomy of Male Reproductive System - ANS--Testes
-Duct machine:
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens
• Urethra
- Accessory organs:
• Seminal vesicle.
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral gland
-External genitalia:
• Penis
• Scrotum
Anatomy of The Mouth - ANS-Mouth (Oral Cavity): Mucous membrane-covered hollow space
Lips (Labia): Protect the anterior starting
Cheeks: Form the lateral walls
Hard Palate: Forms the anterior roof
Soft Palate: Forms the posterior roof
Uvula: Fleshy projection of the tender palate
Vestibule: Space among lips externally and enamel and gums internally
Oral Cavity Proper: Area contained by means of the tooth
Tongue: Attached at hyoid bone and styloid techniques of the cranium, and by using the lingual
frenulum to the ground of the mouth
Tonsils: Palatine (positioned at posterior end of the oral hollow space) or Lingual (positioned at
the base of the tongue)
Appendicitis - ANS-Inflammation of the appendix; common in youngsters
Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANS--Amount of warmth produced by using the body in line with
unit of time at rest
-Average BMR is ready 60 to seventy two kcal/hour for an average 70-kg (154-lb) adult
-Factors that influence BMR:
1. Surface location—a small frame generally has a better BMR
2. Gender—men have a tendency to have better BMRs
3. Age—kids and teenagers have higher BMRs
four. The quantity of thyroxine produced is the most vital manipulate issue (More thyroxine
means a higher metabolic rate)
Bastocyst (chorionic vesicle) - ANS--Hollow, ball-like structure of 100 cells or more
and Physiology Final Exam on
Chapters 14, 15, and 16
Absorption - ANS-Movement of vitamins into the bloodstream
Accessory Digestive Organs - ANS--Includes tooth, tongue, and different big digestive organs
-Assists digestion in diverse ways
-Teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
Accomplishing Fertilization - ANS--An oocyte is viable up to 24 hours after ovulation
-Sperm are viable as much as 48 hours after ejaculation
-For fertilization to occur, sexual sex have to occur no greater than 2 days earlier than ovulation
and no later than 24 hours after
-Sperm cells have to make their manner to the uterine tube for fertilization to be feasible
-Sperm cells are drawn to the oocyte by chemical compounds
-When sperm reach the oocyte:
-Enzymes break down the follicle cells of the corona radiata across the oocyte
-Sperm undergo an acrosomal response
-Membrane receptors at the oocyte pull in the head of the first sperm cellular to make contact
-Oocyte undergoes second meiotic department to supply an ovum and a polar frame
-Fertilization happens while the genetic fabric of a sperm combines with that of an oocyte
Activities of Small Intestine: Chyme Breakdown and Absorption - ANS--Intestinal enzymes from
the comb border function to:
-Break double sugars into simple sugars
-Complete some protein digestion
-Intestinal enzymes and pancreatic enzymes help to complete digestion of all food organizations
-Pancreatic enzymes play the predominant function inside the digestion of fat, proteins, and
carbohydrates
-Alkaline content neutralizes acidic chyme and affords the right environment for the pancreatic
enzymes to perform
-Release of pancreatic juice from the pancreas into the duodenum is stimulated by using: Vagus
nerves, neighborhood hormones that travel thru the blood to persuade the release of pancreatic
juice (and bile), Secretin, and Cholecystokinin (CCK)
-Hormones (secretin and CCK) also goal the liver and gallbladder to release bile
-Bile acts as a fats emulsifier
Needed for fats absorption and absorption of fats-soluble nutrients (K, D, E, and A)
,-Water is absorbed along the length of the small intestine
-Most substances are absorbed through lively shipping through mobile membranes
-Lipids are absorbed via diffusion
-Substances are transported to the liver by means of the hepatic portal vein or lymph
Activities of the Large Intestine: Nutrient Breakdown and Absorption - ANS--No digestive
enzymes are produced
-Resident micro organism digest closing vitamins
-Produce a few nutrition K and some B vitamins
-Release gases
-Water, vitamins, ions, and final water are absorbed
-Remaining substances are eliminated via feces
Activities of the Large Intestine: Propulsion of Food Residue and Defecation - ANS--Sluggish
peristalsis starts while food residue arrives
-Haustral contractions are the actions going on most often within the large intestine
-Mass actions are slow, powerful moves that occur 3 to four times according to day
-Presence of feces in the rectum reasons a defecation reflex
1. Internal anal sphincter is relaxed
2. Defecation occurs with relaxation of the voluntary (external) anal sphincter
Alimentary Canal (Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract) - ANS--Continuous, coiled, hole tube that runs
thru the ventral cavity from stomach to anus
-Includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, belly, small and huge intestine, and anus
-Organs ingest, digest, soak up, defecate
Alimentary Canal Nerve Plexuses - ANS--Alimentary canal wall carries two intrinsic nerve
plexuses that are a part of the autonomic anxious gadget
-Submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses
-Regulate mobility and secretory hobby of the GI tract
Amount of Water in Human Body - ANS--Young person females = 50%
-Young adult men = 60%
-Babies = 75%
-The aged = 45%
-Water is important for plenty body features, and ranges need to be maintained
Anatomical Changes from Pregnancy - ANS--Enlargement of the uterus
-Accentuated lumbar curvature (lordosis)
-Relaxation of the pelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis due to manufacturing of the hormone
relaxin
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System - ANS--Ovaries
-Duct device
, -Uterine (fallopian) tubes
-Uterus
-Vagina
-External genitalia
Anatomy of Male Reproductive System - ANS--Testes
-Duct machine:
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens
• Urethra
- Accessory organs:
• Seminal vesicle.
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral gland
-External genitalia:
• Penis
• Scrotum
Anatomy of The Mouth - ANS-Mouth (Oral Cavity): Mucous membrane-covered hollow space
Lips (Labia): Protect the anterior starting
Cheeks: Form the lateral walls
Hard Palate: Forms the anterior roof
Soft Palate: Forms the posterior roof
Uvula: Fleshy projection of the tender palate
Vestibule: Space among lips externally and enamel and gums internally
Oral Cavity Proper: Area contained by means of the tooth
Tongue: Attached at hyoid bone and styloid techniques of the cranium, and by using the lingual
frenulum to the ground of the mouth
Tonsils: Palatine (positioned at posterior end of the oral hollow space) or Lingual (positioned at
the base of the tongue)
Appendicitis - ANS-Inflammation of the appendix; common in youngsters
Basic Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANS--Amount of warmth produced by using the body in line with
unit of time at rest
-Average BMR is ready 60 to seventy two kcal/hour for an average 70-kg (154-lb) adult
-Factors that influence BMR:
1. Surface location—a small frame generally has a better BMR
2. Gender—men have a tendency to have better BMRs
3. Age—kids and teenagers have higher BMRs
four. The quantity of thyroxine produced is the most vital manipulate issue (More thyroxine
means a higher metabolic rate)
Bastocyst (chorionic vesicle) - ANS--Hollow, ball-like structure of 100 cells or more
