KNH 184 EXAM 2 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Reaction Time - Answers - Time it takes to respond and initiate movement (average is
120-280 ms)
Movement Time - Answers - Time from initiated movement until the end of the
movement
Response time - Answers - Time it takes to respond until the end of movement
(Reaction time + Movement time)
Stimulus Identification Stage - Answers - The stimulus is recognized and identified--
sensory stage (vision, audition, touch, kinethesis, smell) Parallel processing usually
occurs during this stage
Response Selection Stage - Answers - A decision from a number of different responses
is made. The duration of this step is sensitive to the number of options, S-R
compatibility, and population stereotypes
Movement Programming Stage - Answers - Devoted to planning the movement
response. This step involves recalling motor program from memory and adding specific
parameters for movement. This tends to be serial in nature
Serial Processing - Answers - Information processed piece by piece so that one bit of
info is handled before processing the next bit (one after another)
Parallel Processing - Answers - Simultaneous processing takes place so that more than
one bit of information can be dealt with at a time. This results in information being
processed faster and frees up attention to deal with other things
Hick's Law - Answers - The effect of the number of choices has on reaction time
RT= B*[log2(N+1)]
B= constant (normally simple RT)
N= # of possibilities
Stimulus-Response Compatibility - Answers - The extent to which stimulus and the
response it evokes are connected in a natural way
Henry and Rogers Experiment (1960) - Answers - They hypothesized that if people
prepare movements in advance, a complex movement should take longer to prepare
than a simpler one
Anticipation - Answers - Organizing a response before actually initiating it (makes it
faster)- the result is an extremely fast response to the stimulus
, Event Anticipation - Answers - Understanding of WHAT type of event is likely to occur
Ex- type of karate kick you might receive
Spatial Anticipation - Answers - WHERE something is going to be next
Ex- drop shot or lob in tennis
Temporal Anticipation - Answers - WHEN something is going to happen
Ex- football lineman predicts when a play will start
*This allows performers to begin movement programming in advance of stimulus
Motor Memory - Answers - Capacity to remember motor skills acquired through learning
or experience
Short-Term Sensory Store - Answers - Stores vast amounts of sensory information only
long enough for it to be processed.
Storage duration = 1 second max
Short-Term Memory - Answers - Temporary holding place for information, rehearsal is
the process by which we keep from losing this information
Storage duration = 1-60 seconds
Ex- when someone gives you a phone number verbally, you will repeat it so you can
remember it, then when you have paper to write it down, you writ it down
Long-Term Memory - Answers - Well learned information that has been collected over a
lifetime. A lot of information can be stored.
Storage duration = seemingly limitless
Movement Characteristics - Answers - continuous movements are more easily
remembered
Remembering Strategies - Answers - Repetition, meaningfulness, learner self control,
mastery, and intention to remember
Practice - Answers - Better memory if the movement is done in the same way as was
practiced. "Practice like you play"
Attention - Answers - The capacity to process information--very limited resource
Interference - Answers - When the demand for attention exceeds your capability to
allocate attention, performance suffers
Stroop Effect - Answers - When word name and ink color are same, RT is faster than if
the word is a different color than its name
Reaction Time - Answers - Time it takes to respond and initiate movement (average is
120-280 ms)
Movement Time - Answers - Time from initiated movement until the end of the
movement
Response time - Answers - Time it takes to respond until the end of movement
(Reaction time + Movement time)
Stimulus Identification Stage - Answers - The stimulus is recognized and identified--
sensory stage (vision, audition, touch, kinethesis, smell) Parallel processing usually
occurs during this stage
Response Selection Stage - Answers - A decision from a number of different responses
is made. The duration of this step is sensitive to the number of options, S-R
compatibility, and population stereotypes
Movement Programming Stage - Answers - Devoted to planning the movement
response. This step involves recalling motor program from memory and adding specific
parameters for movement. This tends to be serial in nature
Serial Processing - Answers - Information processed piece by piece so that one bit of
info is handled before processing the next bit (one after another)
Parallel Processing - Answers - Simultaneous processing takes place so that more than
one bit of information can be dealt with at a time. This results in information being
processed faster and frees up attention to deal with other things
Hick's Law - Answers - The effect of the number of choices has on reaction time
RT= B*[log2(N+1)]
B= constant (normally simple RT)
N= # of possibilities
Stimulus-Response Compatibility - Answers - The extent to which stimulus and the
response it evokes are connected in a natural way
Henry and Rogers Experiment (1960) - Answers - They hypothesized that if people
prepare movements in advance, a complex movement should take longer to prepare
than a simpler one
Anticipation - Answers - Organizing a response before actually initiating it (makes it
faster)- the result is an extremely fast response to the stimulus
, Event Anticipation - Answers - Understanding of WHAT type of event is likely to occur
Ex- type of karate kick you might receive
Spatial Anticipation - Answers - WHERE something is going to be next
Ex- drop shot or lob in tennis
Temporal Anticipation - Answers - WHEN something is going to happen
Ex- football lineman predicts when a play will start
*This allows performers to begin movement programming in advance of stimulus
Motor Memory - Answers - Capacity to remember motor skills acquired through learning
or experience
Short-Term Sensory Store - Answers - Stores vast amounts of sensory information only
long enough for it to be processed.
Storage duration = 1 second max
Short-Term Memory - Answers - Temporary holding place for information, rehearsal is
the process by which we keep from losing this information
Storage duration = 1-60 seconds
Ex- when someone gives you a phone number verbally, you will repeat it so you can
remember it, then when you have paper to write it down, you writ it down
Long-Term Memory - Answers - Well learned information that has been collected over a
lifetime. A lot of information can be stored.
Storage duration = seemingly limitless
Movement Characteristics - Answers - continuous movements are more easily
remembered
Remembering Strategies - Answers - Repetition, meaningfulness, learner self control,
mastery, and intention to remember
Practice - Answers - Better memory if the movement is done in the same way as was
practiced. "Practice like you play"
Attention - Answers - The capacity to process information--very limited resource
Interference - Answers - When the demand for attention exceeds your capability to
allocate attention, performance suffers
Stroop Effect - Answers - When word name and ink color are same, RT is faster than if
the word is a different color than its name
