Exam Prep Pack
Fundamentals of Microbiology
Final Exam
(2026-2027)
Complete Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified
Guaranteed Pass | Grade A+
,CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2
Dehydration Synthesis chemical reaction, two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a
water molecule
to build macromolecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic
acids, the formation of a peptide bond to build proteins
Example: A + B -> AB + Water
Decomposition Hydrolysis chemical reaction, the process through which molecular bonds are broken
and water is used
used to break down macromolecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and
nucleic acids
Example: AB + Water -> A + B
Water acts as a solvent, reactant, or product in many organic reactions
it helps dissolve reactants, stabilizes charged intermediates, participates in
reactions like hydrolysis and condensation, and influences reaction rates and
equilibrium
it also plays a key role in acid-base chemistry and biological reactions.
Acids molecules that add hydrogen ions (H^+)
Bases molecules that add hydroxide ions (OH^-)
, Buffers compounds that stabilize pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions
Examples: carbonic acid, bicarbonate
Carbohydrates are the chief energy sources in biological systems, important structural
biomolecules, and mediators of cellular adhesion, communication, and
environmental sensing
Monomer: simple sugars, organic molecule that consists of one or more sugar
monomers
Bonds: Glycosidic Bond
Monosaccharides single sugar molecule, smallest unit of a carbohydrate
Disaccharides built by bonding two simple sugars through a glycosidic bond
Glycosidic Bond a covalent bond formed between monosaccharides to build more complex
sugar
dehydration synthesis reaction causes glycosidic bonds because water is
removed from the reactants when they come together
glycosidic bonds can be broken by enzymatically adding water (hydrolysis),
the synthesis and decomposition of carbohydrates requires the action of
specific enzymes
Fundamentals of Microbiology
Final Exam
(2026-2027)
Complete Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified
Guaranteed Pass | Grade A+
,CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2
Dehydration Synthesis chemical reaction, two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a
water molecule
to build macromolecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic
acids, the formation of a peptide bond to build proteins
Example: A + B -> AB + Water
Decomposition Hydrolysis chemical reaction, the process through which molecular bonds are broken
and water is used
used to break down macromolecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and
nucleic acids
Example: AB + Water -> A + B
Water acts as a solvent, reactant, or product in many organic reactions
it helps dissolve reactants, stabilizes charged intermediates, participates in
reactions like hydrolysis and condensation, and influences reaction rates and
equilibrium
it also plays a key role in acid-base chemistry and biological reactions.
Acids molecules that add hydrogen ions (H^+)
Bases molecules that add hydroxide ions (OH^-)
, Buffers compounds that stabilize pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions
Examples: carbonic acid, bicarbonate
Carbohydrates are the chief energy sources in biological systems, important structural
biomolecules, and mediators of cellular adhesion, communication, and
environmental sensing
Monomer: simple sugars, organic molecule that consists of one or more sugar
monomers
Bonds: Glycosidic Bond
Monosaccharides single sugar molecule, smallest unit of a carbohydrate
Disaccharides built by bonding two simple sugars through a glycosidic bond
Glycosidic Bond a covalent bond formed between monosaccharides to build more complex
sugar
dehydration synthesis reaction causes glycosidic bonds because water is
removed from the reactants when they come together
glycosidic bonds can be broken by enzymatically adding water (hydrolysis),
the synthesis and decomposition of carbohydrates requires the action of
specific enzymes
