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NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
EXAM LATEST VERSION WITH 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
1. A patient presents with enlargement of the left ventricle due to long-standing
hypertension. This is an example of which type of cellular adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. The left ventricle enlarges
in response to increased workload (hypertension) because cardiac muscle cells cannot undergo
hyperplasia (mitotic division).
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2. A patient who smokes has a change in the bronchial epithelium from ciliated columnar to
stratified squamous. This is an example of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: D
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. Chronic
irritation from smoking causes bronchial epithelium to transform into stratified squamous
epithelium—a more protective but less functional type.
3. The nurse recognizes that cervical cancer is most commonly associated with which
infectious agent?
A) Hepatitis B virus
B) Human immunodeficiency virus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
D) Human papillomavirus
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Answer: D
The Pap test detects early oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is the primary
cause of cervical cancer.
4. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A) Cells have broken through the local basement membrane
B) Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue
C) Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells
D) Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia
Answer: C
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous cell origin. These early-stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have NOT
broken through the local basement membrane or invaded surrounding tissue.
5. Liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of:
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A) Myocardial infarction
B) Brain infarction (stroke)
C) Tuberculosis
D) Ischemic injury to the kidney
Answer: B
Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of necrotic tissue, forming a
cystic space. The central nervous system contains little connective tissue, which contributes to
this process.
6. Caseous necrosis is characteristic of which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Pancreatitis
D) Gangrene
Answer: A
Caseous necrosis (cheese-like appearance) is characteristic of tuberculosis. It represents a
4
SUCCESS!
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
EXAM LATEST VERSION WITH 300 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS JUST
RELEASED THIS YEAR
1. A patient presents with enlargement of the left ventricle due to long-standing
hypertension. This is an example of which type of cellular adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: B
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. The left ventricle enlarges
in response to increased workload (hypertension) because cardiac muscle cells cannot undergo
hyperplasia (mitotic division).
1
SUCCESS!
,Page 2 of 196
2. A patient who smokes has a change in the bronchial epithelium from ciliated columnar to
stratified squamous. This is an example of:
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
Answer: D
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. Chronic
irritation from smoking causes bronchial epithelium to transform into stratified squamous
epithelium—a more protective but less functional type.
3. The nurse recognizes that cervical cancer is most commonly associated with which
infectious agent?
A) Hepatitis B virus
B) Human immunodeficiency virus
C) Epstein-Barr virus
D) Human papillomavirus
2
SUCCESS!
,Page 3 of 196
Answer: D
The Pap test detects early oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is the primary
cause of cervical cancer.
4. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A) Cells have broken through the local basement membrane
B) Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue
C) Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells
D) Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia
Answer: C
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous cell origin. These early-stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have NOT
broken through the local basement membrane or invaded surrounding tissue.
5. Liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of:
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A) Myocardial infarction
B) Brain infarction (stroke)
C) Tuberculosis
D) Ischemic injury to the kidney
Answer: B
Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of necrotic tissue, forming a
cystic space. The central nervous system contains little connective tissue, which contributes to
this process.
6. Caseous necrosis is characteristic of which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Pancreatitis
D) Gangrene
Answer: A
Caseous necrosis (cheese-like appearance) is characteristic of tuberculosis. It represents a
4
SUCCESS!
