CHAMINADE UNIVERSITY OF HONOLULU BI 151 CHAPTER 8 | PRACTICE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS | HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its _________blank, whereas the
observable traits are referred to as its _________blank. - correct answer ✔✔genotype;
phenotype
The enzyme that unwinds a segment of the DNA molecule is ________. - correct answer
✔✔helicase
The enzyme that travels along the leading strand assembling new nucleotides on a growing new
strand of DNA is ________. - correct answer ✔✔DNA polymerase III
Before the lagging strand can begin assembling new DNA nucleotides, which of the following
must occur? - correct answer ✔✔RNA primase constructs a short RNA primer.
TRUE OF FALSE: During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, while
the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously. - correct answer ✔✔FALSE
RNA is a chain of ______. - correct answer ✔✔nucleotides
What three components make up RNA structure? - correct answer ✔✔Phosphate, nitrogenous
base, ribose sugar
What component of RNA is different from one individual (or one bacterium) to the next? -
correct answer ✔✔Order of nitrogenous bases
TRUE OR FALSE: The purpose of RNA synthesis is to provide a new copy of DNA as the original
strand deteriorates over time. - correct answer ✔✔FALSE
, Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the _________. - correct answer
✔✔promoter on DNA
If one strand of DNA contains the bases ACAGT, what would be the complementary bases on
the mRNA strand? - correct answer ✔✔UGUCA
Synthesis of mRNA is _________. - correct answer ✔✔in the 5' to 3' direction with new
nucleotides being added to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule
What happens when a hairpin loop forms in mRNA? - correct answer ✔✔The RNA polymerase
and the mRNA dissociate from the DNA
The process of transcription is similar to _________. - correct answer ✔✔the synthesis of the
leading strand during DNA replication
After mRNA is made, what generally occurs _________. - correct answer ✔✔the mRNA is
translated to protein
A segment of DNA encoding a protein or an RNA molecule is a _________. - correct answer
✔✔gene
A _________ is the physical expression of the genes present and can change depending upon
what genes are turned "on." - correct answer ✔✔phenotype
Which nitrogenous base is NOT present in RNA? - correct answer ✔✔Thymine
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is _________. - correct answer
✔✔transcription
ANSWERS | HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its _________blank, whereas the
observable traits are referred to as its _________blank. - correct answer ✔✔genotype;
phenotype
The enzyme that unwinds a segment of the DNA molecule is ________. - correct answer
✔✔helicase
The enzyme that travels along the leading strand assembling new nucleotides on a growing new
strand of DNA is ________. - correct answer ✔✔DNA polymerase III
Before the lagging strand can begin assembling new DNA nucleotides, which of the following
must occur? - correct answer ✔✔RNA primase constructs a short RNA primer.
TRUE OF FALSE: During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, while
the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously. - correct answer ✔✔FALSE
RNA is a chain of ______. - correct answer ✔✔nucleotides
What three components make up RNA structure? - correct answer ✔✔Phosphate, nitrogenous
base, ribose sugar
What component of RNA is different from one individual (or one bacterium) to the next? -
correct answer ✔✔Order of nitrogenous bases
TRUE OR FALSE: The purpose of RNA synthesis is to provide a new copy of DNA as the original
strand deteriorates over time. - correct answer ✔✔FALSE
, Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the _________. - correct answer
✔✔promoter on DNA
If one strand of DNA contains the bases ACAGT, what would be the complementary bases on
the mRNA strand? - correct answer ✔✔UGUCA
Synthesis of mRNA is _________. - correct answer ✔✔in the 5' to 3' direction with new
nucleotides being added to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule
What happens when a hairpin loop forms in mRNA? - correct answer ✔✔The RNA polymerase
and the mRNA dissociate from the DNA
The process of transcription is similar to _________. - correct answer ✔✔the synthesis of the
leading strand during DNA replication
After mRNA is made, what generally occurs _________. - correct answer ✔✔the mRNA is
translated to protein
A segment of DNA encoding a protein or an RNA molecule is a _________. - correct answer
✔✔gene
A _________ is the physical expression of the genes present and can change depending upon
what genes are turned "on." - correct answer ✔✔phenotype
Which nitrogenous base is NOT present in RNA? - correct answer ✔✔Thymine
The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is _________. - correct answer
✔✔transcription
