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Pass 2026 Update.
Knowledge worker - Answer synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs. Many
"traditional" jobs now use knowledge as an integral part of their work
Network effect - Answer refers to the notion that a network increases value with the number
of users
Internet of Things - Answer network of a broad range of physical objects that can
automatically share data over the internet
Big Data - Answer extremely large and complex datasets characterized as being high volume,
variety, and velocity
Digital density - Answer refers to the number of people and objects that are connected, and
the number is now in the billions
Digital world - Answer The digital world is the availability and use of digital tools to
communicate on the Internet, digital devices, smart devices and other technologies.
Globalization - Answer ability to connect to and work with people all over the world
Digital divide - Answer the advantage those with access to Information Systems have
compared to those without access to Information System
Data, information, knowledge - Answer Data- Raw Facts, no formatting, no meaning/
Information- Data that has been processed and made meaningful/ Knowledge- Ability to
understand information to make decisions and predictions.
Database of intentions - Answer a collection of data about what people want, purchase, like,
are interested in, or are doing, where they are, and who they know.
Function of knowledge workers - Answer bring expertise to their daily work, which allows
them to lead initiatives and participate in high-level decision-making
,Examples of organizations that benefit from the network effect - Answer social media, E-
commerce- amazon, recruiting like linked in
Factors that have led to globalization - Answer Information Technology, economic factors,
cultural factors, and political changes.
Common causes for and examples of outsourcing - Answer someone else can do it cheaper
and more efficiently- apple outsources the mining of lithium for batteries
Ethical concerns pertaining to information systems - Answer IS privacy, intellectual property
concerns, code of ethical conduct.
Information privacy - Answer ethical issue that is concerned with information an individual
should have to reveal through the course of employment or through transactions like online
shopping.
Components of an information system and the role they each play- - Answer Hardware- tools
machinery and other durable equipment- allows access to software.
Software- programs and other operating information used by a computer- manages information
system functions including input output and processing storage.
Telecommunications networks- a group of two or more computer systems linked together with
communications equipment. Means of transmission of the information over distances.
Purpose of information systems - Answer they can enable organizations to be more effective,
more productive, to expand their reach, and to gain and sustain a competitive advantage
Fair information practice principles - Answer notice/awareness, choice/consent,
access/participation, integrity/security, enforcement/redress
Structured decisions - Answer a decision where the procedures to follow for a given situation
can be specified in advance
Unstructured decisions - Answer a decision where few or no procedures to follow for a given
situation can be specified in advance.
Value chain analysis - Answer the process of analyzing an organizations activity to determine
where value is added to products and/or services and the costs that are incurred for doing so.
, Business model - Answer the summary of a business's strategic direction outlining how the
objectives will be achieved; a business model specifies how a company will create, deliver, and
capture value.
Revenue model and examples - Answer part of a business model that describes how the
organization will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce superior return on invested
capital
Advertising, affiliate marketing, subscription, licensing, fees, sales, freemium
Functional area information system - Answer cross organizational level information system
designed to support a specific functional area.
Digital platform - Answer enables other businesses or users to cocreate value- ie amazon.
Open innovation - Answer the process of integrating external stakeholders into an
organization's innovation process.
Different decision-making levels of the organization (executive, managerial, operational) and the
role they each play - Answer Executive- focus on long term strategic questions facing
organization, such as which products to produce, which countries to compete in, and what
organizational strategy to follow.
Managerial- functional managers focus on monitoring and controlling operational-level
activities and providing information to higher levels of the organization.
Operational- routine, day to day business processes and interactions with customers
Different organizational strategies and examples of each - Answer low cost leadership
strategy- offers best cheap prices- Walmart
differentiation strategy- better products than others- IBM, Porsche, Nordstrom
best cost strategy- offers good products for reasonable prices- Dell Computers
Service vs. product-based platforms - Answer some companies sell services that have to be
done by hand, others sell goods that are sold and used only by the customer.
Impact of disruptive innovations - Answer usually marginalizes or replaces old products in the
industry
Impact of strategic innovations - Answer is essential for organizations to adapt to the speed
of technology change. Helps companies keep up