CARDIAC COMPLEX CARE ACTUAL EXAM TEST PAPER FULL QUESTIONS CORRECT RESPONSES

CARDIAC COMPLEX CARE ACTUAL EXAM TEST PAPER FULL QUESTIONS CORRECT
RESPONSES
Cardiac Complex CARE Practice Examination
2026/2027 Questions and Answers Verified Solutions
Latest Update

Question:
Sinus Tachycardia.

Answer:
Treatment:- treat underlying cause- drugs to slow hr: beta blockers, calcium channel blockers,
digoxin



Question:
Valve disorders: stenosis.

Answer:
the valve does not open completely and blood flow through the valve is reduced



Question:
Sinus Bradycardia.

Answer:
Symptoms:- hypotension- sob- chest pain - dizziness, syncope Treatment:- only if symptomatic -
drugs: atropine, isupril- pacemaker



Question:
valve disorders: regurgitation.

Answer:
the valve does not close properly and blood back flows through the valve

,Question:
biologic valves pros and cons.

Answer:
pros: reduced need for anticoagulationcons: doesn't last as long as mechanical valves



Question:
Sinus Arrhythmia.

Answer:
Treatment:- usually none unless symptomatic brady



Question:
mechanical valves: pros and cons.

Answer:
pros: longevitycons: lifelong anticoagulation (warfarin)



Question:
Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.

Answer:
a balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a stenotic valve and inflated to enlarge the area of the valve



Question:
Atrial Rhythm: Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib).

Answer:
Treatment: - rhythm control: synchronized cardioversion - catheter procedure: radiofrequency cath
ablation - rate control: calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, digoxin- prevent thrombi/emboli: if
longer than 48 hours, need warfarin for at least 3 weeks and an INR of 2-3 prior to cardioversion
Problems:- blood pools in atria --> high risk of thrombus or embolus- decreases CO by 20-30%

,Question:
Atrial Rhythm: Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Answer:
Problems: - if sustained, CO will be decreased- usually paroxysmal and tolerated though
Treatment:- underlying cause- valsallva maneuver to decrease rate emergently- 6mg rapid push
adenosine - diltiazem, verapamil, digoxin to slow AV conduction - synchronized cardioversion if
symptomatic



Question:
BTW i am only making cards for each arrhythmia that contain the most important info. whatever she
bolded or redded.

Answer:
view her study guide for deeper



Question:
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Answer:
a procedure in which the existing valve is left in place and a fully collapsible replacement valve is
delivered to the valve site through a catheter



Question:
coronary artery disease.

Answer:
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle



Question:
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery.

, Answer:
surgical procedure performed to restore blood flow to the myocardium by using a section of the
saphenous vein or internal mammary artery to go around the obstructed coronary artery



Question:
Pre-op of cardiac surgery.

Answer:
-H&P-pre-op teaching for patient and family-chest radiography, ECG-Labs: CBC, electrolytes, PT,
PTT, BUN, Cr-medication review (aspirin is held 1-3 days before surgery!)-Pulmonary Function
Tests and ABG if underlying pulmonary problems



Question:
Cardiopulmonary bypass (heart/lung machine).

Answer:
-Deoxygenated venous blood is brought to pump-Oxygenated blood is placed into ascending
aorta-Heparin delivered to prevent coagulation-Body temperature is decreased to 28-32
C-cardioplegia solution is applied consisting of potassiumresults in asystole-Blood is rewarmed at
completion of surgery-Cardiac function returns or electrical stimulation used-Heparin is reversed



Question:
Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Answer:
1) Increased capillary permeability-Fluid shifts2) Hemodilution Anemia-Fluid shifts -Electrolyte
dilution3) Altered coagulation-Hypercoagulation (emboli)-Hypocoagulation (bleeding)4) Damage
to blood cells-Hematocrit reduced -Platelets reduced -Immune response reduced5)
Microembolization-From tissue debris, air bubbles or platelet aggregation6) Increased systemic
vascular resistance (SVR) Hypertension -Decreased cardiac output



Question:
Ventricular rhythm: Pre-Ventricular Contraction.