NR565 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE OVERVIEW | ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
Exam Overview
Exam Structure
The exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions.
Each question is worth 2 points, totaling 200 points possible.
The exam has a time limit of 150 minutes.
Students are allowed only one attempt to complete the exam.
Use of support materials is not permitted during the exam.
The exam will be administered on the ExamSoft/Examplify platform.
Exam Preparation Tips
Review topics weekly and take notes to reinforce learning.
Consider printing the study guide and adjusting column sizes for better readability.
Rewriting notes can enhance memory retention through active engagement.
Create clinical scenario-based practice questions to deepen understanding.
Regularly review notes and read them aloud to engage multiple senses.
Focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization.
Week 5: Diabetes and Thyroid Disorders
Diabetes Management
Glycemic Goals in Type 2 Diabetes: Aim for HbA1c < 7% to reduce complications.
Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention: Control blood pressure and glucose levels to prevent
kidney damage.
Sulfonylureas: First-generation (e.g., tolbutamide) vs. second-generation (e.g., glipizide)
differences in efficacy and side effects.
DPP-4 Inhibitors: Mechanism of action involves increasing incretin levels; monitor for
pancreatitis.
, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Promote insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release;
monitor for gastrointestinal side effects.
Metformin: First-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes; contraindicated in renal
impairment.
Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism Treatment in Infants: Levothyroxine is the standard treatment; monitor
for growth and development.
Levothyroxine Administration: Administer on an empty stomach for optimal absorption.
Hyperthyroidism Management: Methimazole is commonly used; monitor for
agranulocytosis.
Thyroid Storm: A life-threatening condition characterized by fever, tachycardia, and
altered mental status; requires immediate treatment.
Drug Interactions: Levothyroxine can interact with calcium and iron supplements,
affecting absorption.
Monitoring Levothyroxine: Regular TSH and T4 levels are essential to ensure
appropriate dosing.
Week 6: Respiratory Disorders
Asthma Management
Asthma Control Assessment: Use tools like the Asthma Control Test (ACT) to evaluate
control.
Bronchodilators: Short-acting (SABAs) vs. long-acting (LABAs) for symptom relief.
Inhaled Glucocorticoids: First-line therapy for persistent asthma; monitor for oral
thrush.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Effective for asthma control; monitor for liver
function.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Target specific pathways in asthma; black box warnings for
serious allergic reactions.
COPD Management Goals: Focus on symptom relief and improving quality of life.
COPD Treatment
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 2026/2027
Exam Overview
Exam Structure
The exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions.
Each question is worth 2 points, totaling 200 points possible.
The exam has a time limit of 150 minutes.
Students are allowed only one attempt to complete the exam.
Use of support materials is not permitted during the exam.
The exam will be administered on the ExamSoft/Examplify platform.
Exam Preparation Tips
Review topics weekly and take notes to reinforce learning.
Consider printing the study guide and adjusting column sizes for better readability.
Rewriting notes can enhance memory retention through active engagement.
Create clinical scenario-based practice questions to deepen understanding.
Regularly review notes and read them aloud to engage multiple senses.
Focus on understanding concepts rather than rote memorization.
Week 5: Diabetes and Thyroid Disorders
Diabetes Management
Glycemic Goals in Type 2 Diabetes: Aim for HbA1c < 7% to reduce complications.
Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention: Control blood pressure and glucose levels to prevent
kidney damage.
Sulfonylureas: First-generation (e.g., tolbutamide) vs. second-generation (e.g., glipizide)
differences in efficacy and side effects.
DPP-4 Inhibitors: Mechanism of action involves increasing incretin levels; monitor for
pancreatitis.
, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Promote insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release;
monitor for gastrointestinal side effects.
Metformin: First-line treatment for Type 2 diabetes; contraindicated in renal
impairment.
Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism Treatment in Infants: Levothyroxine is the standard treatment; monitor
for growth and development.
Levothyroxine Administration: Administer on an empty stomach for optimal absorption.
Hyperthyroidism Management: Methimazole is commonly used; monitor for
agranulocytosis.
Thyroid Storm: A life-threatening condition characterized by fever, tachycardia, and
altered mental status; requires immediate treatment.
Drug Interactions: Levothyroxine can interact with calcium and iron supplements,
affecting absorption.
Monitoring Levothyroxine: Regular TSH and T4 levels are essential to ensure
appropriate dosing.
Week 6: Respiratory Disorders
Asthma Management
Asthma Control Assessment: Use tools like the Asthma Control Test (ACT) to evaluate
control.
Bronchodilators: Short-acting (SABAs) vs. long-acting (LABAs) for symptom relief.
Inhaled Glucocorticoids: First-line therapy for persistent asthma; monitor for oral
thrush.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Effective for asthma control; monitor for liver
function.
Monoclonal Antibodies: Target specific pathways in asthma; black box warnings for
serious allergic reactions.
COPD Management Goals: Focus on symptom relief and improving quality of life.
COPD Treatment
