PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 16TH
EDITION EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ What is the dorsal plane?
Answer: Perpendicular to the median plane, dividing the body into
belly and back parts.
◉ What does cranial mean in directional terms?
Answer: Closer to the head or anterior.
◉ What does caudal mean in directional terms?
Answer: Closer to the tail or rear or posterior.
◉ What does dorsal refer to?
Answer: Closer to the back or spine.
◉ What does ventral refer to?
Answer: Opposite of dorsal; closest to the ground.
◉ What does proximal mean?
, Answer: Refers to the point nearest to the central axis or the main
portion of the body.
◉ What does distal mean?
Answer: Means farther out from the main portion of the body.
◉ What is bilateral symmetry?
Answer: A condition where the organism's left and right halves are
approximate mirror images of each other.
◉ What are the two main body cavities?
Answer: Dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity.
◉ What does the cranial cavity contain?
Answer: The brain.
◉ What does the spinal cavity contain?
Answer: The spinal cord.
◉ What is the thoracic cavity?
Answer: Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood
vessels.
EDITION EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ What is the dorsal plane?
Answer: Perpendicular to the median plane, dividing the body into
belly and back parts.
◉ What does cranial mean in directional terms?
Answer: Closer to the head or anterior.
◉ What does caudal mean in directional terms?
Answer: Closer to the tail or rear or posterior.
◉ What does dorsal refer to?
Answer: Closer to the back or spine.
◉ What does ventral refer to?
Answer: Opposite of dorsal; closest to the ground.
◉ What does proximal mean?
, Answer: Refers to the point nearest to the central axis or the main
portion of the body.
◉ What does distal mean?
Answer: Means farther out from the main portion of the body.
◉ What is bilateral symmetry?
Answer: A condition where the organism's left and right halves are
approximate mirror images of each other.
◉ What are the two main body cavities?
Answer: Dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity.
◉ What does the cranial cavity contain?
Answer: The brain.
◉ What does the spinal cavity contain?
Answer: The spinal cord.
◉ What is the thoracic cavity?
Answer: Contains the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood
vessels.