PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 16TH
EDITION COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ What are the 3 key components of the phenotype of an organism?
Answer: 1. Morphology
2. Physiology
3. Behaviour
◉ Phenotypes are the result of:
Answer: Interactions between the genotype and the environment
acting on processes at all levels of biological organization
◉ Variation in morphology, physiology, and behaviour can influence:
Answer: Performance and reproductive success
◉ Despite the great diversity of organisms on Earth, there are:
Answer: Many commonalities within physiology-unifying themes
that apply to all physiological processes
,◉ What are the 4 unifying themes in animal physiology?
Answer: 1. Physiology is integrative
2. Physiological processes obey the laws of physics and chemistry
3. Physiological processes are shaped by evolution
4. Physiological processes are usually regulated
◉ What does it mean that physiology is integrative?
Answer: -Animal physiologists study phenomena at multiple levels
of organization, from molecules to ecosystems
-Animal physiologists address both basic and applied questions
◉ Biologists often organize the living world by dividing it into what
are termed:
Answer: Levels of biological organization
◉ What is the lowest level of biological organization capable of
independent life?
Answer: Cells
,◉ Often a physiologist interested in a process at one level of
organization also studies:
Answer: Its function at a LOWER level
◉ What is reductionism?
Answer: Assumes that we can learn about a system by studying the
function of its parts
◉ What is emergence?
Answer: Feature of complex systems; another way of saying that the
whole is often more than the sum of its parts
◉ What are emergent properties?
Answer: Emergent properties of a system are properties that can be
observed at one level of biological organization and are due to the
interactions of the component parts of the system
◉ Physiologists are usually interested in emergent properties, and
thus physiologists study:
Answer: How molecules, cells, and tissues interact to produce the
complex system that is an organism
, ◉ Animal physiologists are also concerned about the _____
consequences of physiological processes
Answer: Ecological
◉ Basic research in animal physiology provides profound insights
into:
Answer: How animals work and the evolutionary causes and
consequences of variation in physiological processes
◉ Understanding the physiological functions of animals can:
Answer: Help us predict their responses to environmental changes
such as pollution, climate warming, and ocean acidification
◉ Another area in which animal physiology plays an important
practical role is in:
Answer: Understanding human health and disease
◉ Agricultural production of animals for food also requires a
substantial knowledge of animal physiology to:
Answer: Help develop optimal rearing practices to maintain health
and promote the growth of farm animals
◉ Much of our medical knowledge is gained from:
EDITION COMPREHENSIVE SOLVED
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ What are the 3 key components of the phenotype of an organism?
Answer: 1. Morphology
2. Physiology
3. Behaviour
◉ Phenotypes are the result of:
Answer: Interactions between the genotype and the environment
acting on processes at all levels of biological organization
◉ Variation in morphology, physiology, and behaviour can influence:
Answer: Performance and reproductive success
◉ Despite the great diversity of organisms on Earth, there are:
Answer: Many commonalities within physiology-unifying themes
that apply to all physiological processes
,◉ What are the 4 unifying themes in animal physiology?
Answer: 1. Physiology is integrative
2. Physiological processes obey the laws of physics and chemistry
3. Physiological processes are shaped by evolution
4. Physiological processes are usually regulated
◉ What does it mean that physiology is integrative?
Answer: -Animal physiologists study phenomena at multiple levels
of organization, from molecules to ecosystems
-Animal physiologists address both basic and applied questions
◉ Biologists often organize the living world by dividing it into what
are termed:
Answer: Levels of biological organization
◉ What is the lowest level of biological organization capable of
independent life?
Answer: Cells
,◉ Often a physiologist interested in a process at one level of
organization also studies:
Answer: Its function at a LOWER level
◉ What is reductionism?
Answer: Assumes that we can learn about a system by studying the
function of its parts
◉ What is emergence?
Answer: Feature of complex systems; another way of saying that the
whole is often more than the sum of its parts
◉ What are emergent properties?
Answer: Emergent properties of a system are properties that can be
observed at one level of biological organization and are due to the
interactions of the component parts of the system
◉ Physiologists are usually interested in emergent properties, and
thus physiologists study:
Answer: How molecules, cells, and tissues interact to produce the
complex system that is an organism
, ◉ Animal physiologists are also concerned about the _____
consequences of physiological processes
Answer: Ecological
◉ Basic research in animal physiology provides profound insights
into:
Answer: How animals work and the evolutionary causes and
consequences of variation in physiological processes
◉ Understanding the physiological functions of animals can:
Answer: Help us predict their responses to environmental changes
such as pollution, climate warming, and ocean acidification
◉ Another area in which animal physiology plays an important
practical role is in:
Answer: Understanding human health and disease
◉ Agricultural production of animals for food also requires a
substantial knowledge of animal physiology to:
Answer: Help develop optimal rearing practices to maintain health
and promote the growth of farm animals
◉ Much of our medical knowledge is gained from:
