PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 16TH
EDITION ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Give the levels of biological organization in order:
Answer: Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems,
organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere
◉ What does it mean that physiological processes obey the laws oh
physics and chemistry?
Answer: -The mechanical properties of materials influence
physiological processes
-Electrical laws are needed to understand the functions of
membranes in all cells, including excitable cells such as neurons and
muscle
-Chemical laws, which govern interactions between biological
molecules, help to explain the effects of temperature on
physiological processes
-Physical laws can be used to explain why body size affects many
physiological processes
◉ Animals are constructed from natural materials and thus:
,Answer: Obey the same physical and chemical laws that apply to
every thing that we see around us
◉ As a result of this focus on chemistry and physics, physiology is a
_____ science
Answer: Quantitative
◉ What are Fick's 2 laws of diffusion?
Answer: 1. First law demonstrates that substances diffuse from
areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
2. Second law summarizes the idea that the amount of a substance
that diffuses across a surface is proportional to the area of that
surface and inversely proportional to the distance across which the
substance must diffuse
◉ Fick's first law is a special case of a much more general principle
in physics and physiology:
Answer: That substances move from areas of high potential energy
to low potential energy
◉ This movement of high potential to low potential energy is a
consequence of:
, Answer: The second law of thermodynamics, which states that
isolated systems spontaneously move toward a state of maximum
entropy
◉ What does the second law of thermodynamics mean?
Answer: Over time, differences in concentration, charge,
temperature, or pressure will tend to equalize within a system,
unless energy is added to maintain this difference
◉ A concentration gradient can be thought of as a source of:
Answer: Potential energy that can be used to drive diffusion
◉ A voltage gradient, which represents a source of electrical
potential energy, can:
Answer: Drive the movement of charged particles
◉ The face that both concentration and voltage gradients can drive
movements of substances is important in physiology because:
Answer: Many important physiological processes, such as signalling
in neurons and muscle cells and the active transport of materials
into cell, involve the movement of charged molecules such as sodium
across membranes
EDITION ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Give the levels of biological organization in order:
Answer: Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems,
organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere
◉ What does it mean that physiological processes obey the laws oh
physics and chemistry?
Answer: -The mechanical properties of materials influence
physiological processes
-Electrical laws are needed to understand the functions of
membranes in all cells, including excitable cells such as neurons and
muscle
-Chemical laws, which govern interactions between biological
molecules, help to explain the effects of temperature on
physiological processes
-Physical laws can be used to explain why body size affects many
physiological processes
◉ Animals are constructed from natural materials and thus:
,Answer: Obey the same physical and chemical laws that apply to
every thing that we see around us
◉ As a result of this focus on chemistry and physics, physiology is a
_____ science
Answer: Quantitative
◉ What are Fick's 2 laws of diffusion?
Answer: 1. First law demonstrates that substances diffuse from
areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
2. Second law summarizes the idea that the amount of a substance
that diffuses across a surface is proportional to the area of that
surface and inversely proportional to the distance across which the
substance must diffuse
◉ Fick's first law is a special case of a much more general principle
in physics and physiology:
Answer: That substances move from areas of high potential energy
to low potential energy
◉ This movement of high potential to low potential energy is a
consequence of:
, Answer: The second law of thermodynamics, which states that
isolated systems spontaneously move toward a state of maximum
entropy
◉ What does the second law of thermodynamics mean?
Answer: Over time, differences in concentration, charge,
temperature, or pressure will tend to equalize within a system,
unless energy is added to maintain this difference
◉ A concentration gradient can be thought of as a source of:
Answer: Potential energy that can be used to drive diffusion
◉ A voltage gradient, which represents a source of electrical
potential energy, can:
Answer: Drive the movement of charged particles
◉ The face that both concentration and voltage gradients can drive
movements of substances is important in physiology because:
Answer: Many important physiological processes, such as signalling
in neurons and muscle cells and the active transport of materials
into cell, involve the movement of charged molecules such as sodium
across membranes
