NURS 222 Professional Nursing I Exam 2 Study Guide questions and
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
What is Clinical Judgment?
- correct answer The result or observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making
What is Clinical Reasoning?
- correct answer A specific term usually referring to ways of thinking about patient care issues
(determining, preventing, and managing patient problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues
(e.g., teamwork, collaboration, and streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking
What is Cognitive Load?
- correct answer Term used to reference the amount of information a person can hold in their memory
at one time
What is Competency?
- correct answer Legal statement of the plaintiff's claim; once filed, it initiates legal proceedings
What is Critical Thinking?
- correct answer Evidence-based descriptions of behaviors that demonstrate the knowledge,
characteristics, and skills that promote critical thinking in clinical practice
·ystematic and comprehensive assessment identifies nursing and medical concerns.
Distinguishes normal from abnormal findings and identifies health risks.
Making clinical judgments about the data's significance and relevance.
Checking for accuracy, reliability, and missing information.
What is Situational Awareness (SA)?
- correct answer From Endsley (1995): "the perception of the elements in the environment in a volume
of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near
future"
,What is Tanner's Clinical Judgement Model?
- correct answer Noticing: Initial grasp and perceptions of the situation
Interpreting: Attributing meaning to the data through reasoning
Responding: Deciding on an action (or inaction)
Reflecting: Thinking bout the situation
What is the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR)?
- correct answer A rubric developed and tested by Lasater to describe the development of clinical
judgement
What are the three components of Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Effective Noticing
Effective Interpreting
Effective Responding
What are the parts of Effective Noticing in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Focused observation
Recognizing deviations from expected patterns
Seeking information
What are the parts of Effective Interpreting in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Prioritizing data
Making sense of the data
What are the parts of Effective Responding in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Calm, confident manner
Assumes responsibility
Clear communication
Well planned intervention
Flexibility
,Who are the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)?
- correct answer A non-profit organization through which state boards of nursing act on matters
concerning public health, safety and welfare, including the development of nursing licensure
examinations
What is National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX)?
- correct answer A standardized test required for nursing licensure; focuses on how you use your clinical
judgement to inform your clinical judgement
What is the Nursing Process?
- correct answer Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
How does the ANA Scope and Standards of Practice defines competency?
- correct answer An expected level of performance that integrates knowledge, skills, abilities, and
judgement (KSAs)
Outline the KSAs for nursing students and nurses.
- correct answer Person-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
What are the levels of Benner's Novice-to-Expert model of development?
- correct answer Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
, Proficient
Expert
How is competencies developed?
- correct answer Education
Life experiences
Health care experiences
Reflection
A student nurse walks into a patient room, introduces themselves, and begins to complete a full head-
to-toe assessment. The clinical faculty member enters the room, introduces themselves, and asks the
student to step out of the room for a moment. The student meets the faculty member in the hallway
and is asked to identify 15 cues or observations they noted during their initial contact with the patient
and the patient's environment. Although the student is unable to reach 15 observations, the faculty
guides the student to recognize the linen on the floor, old dinner tray on the windowsill, empty water
pitcher, twisted oxygen tubing, the patient's pallor, and several other things requiring action. What is
the value of engaging in this kind of activity with students in the clinical setting?
- Developing situational awareness is important to risk prevention, timely implementation of
interventions, and prioritizing actio
- correct answer - Developing situational awareness is important to risk prevention, timely
implementation of interventions, and prioritizing actions
A nursing program uses Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model, a research-based model that accounts for
differences in the patient, environment, and individual student nurse. What makes Tanner's reflection
step unique?
- The emphasis is on noticing, interpreting, and responding; reflection is less important.
- Reflection occurs both in-action (in the moment) and on-action (after the situation).
- Reflection occurs fist in the model that is focused on rapid decision making and patient outcomes.
- Reflection is the last step in a linear model and is designed to minimize bias in the student nurse.
- correct answer - Reflection occurs both in-action (in the moment) and on-action (after the situation).
answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
What is Clinical Judgment?
- correct answer The result or observed outcome of critical thinking and decision making
What is Clinical Reasoning?
- correct answer A specific term usually referring to ways of thinking about patient care issues
(determining, preventing, and managing patient problems); for reasoning about other clinical issues
(e.g., teamwork, collaboration, and streamlining work flow); nurses usually use critical thinking
What is Cognitive Load?
- correct answer Term used to reference the amount of information a person can hold in their memory
at one time
What is Competency?
- correct answer Legal statement of the plaintiff's claim; once filed, it initiates legal proceedings
What is Critical Thinking?
- correct answer Evidence-based descriptions of behaviors that demonstrate the knowledge,
characteristics, and skills that promote critical thinking in clinical practice
·ystematic and comprehensive assessment identifies nursing and medical concerns.
Distinguishes normal from abnormal findings and identifies health risks.
Making clinical judgments about the data's significance and relevance.
Checking for accuracy, reliability, and missing information.
What is Situational Awareness (SA)?
- correct answer From Endsley (1995): "the perception of the elements in the environment in a volume
of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near
future"
,What is Tanner's Clinical Judgement Model?
- correct answer Noticing: Initial grasp and perceptions of the situation
Interpreting: Attributing meaning to the data through reasoning
Responding: Deciding on an action (or inaction)
Reflecting: Thinking bout the situation
What is the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR)?
- correct answer A rubric developed and tested by Lasater to describe the development of clinical
judgement
What are the three components of Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Effective Noticing
Effective Interpreting
Effective Responding
What are the parts of Effective Noticing in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Focused observation
Recognizing deviations from expected patterns
Seeking information
What are the parts of Effective Interpreting in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Prioritizing data
Making sense of the data
What are the parts of Effective Responding in Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric?
- correct answer Calm, confident manner
Assumes responsibility
Clear communication
Well planned intervention
Flexibility
,Who are the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)?
- correct answer A non-profit organization through which state boards of nursing act on matters
concerning public health, safety and welfare, including the development of nursing licensure
examinations
What is National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX)?
- correct answer A standardized test required for nursing licensure; focuses on how you use your clinical
judgement to inform your clinical judgement
What is the Nursing Process?
- correct answer Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
How does the ANA Scope and Standards of Practice defines competency?
- correct answer An expected level of performance that integrates knowledge, skills, abilities, and
judgement (KSAs)
Outline the KSAs for nursing students and nurses.
- correct answer Person-centered care
Teamwork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality improvement
Safety
Informatics
What are the levels of Benner's Novice-to-Expert model of development?
- correct answer Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
, Proficient
Expert
How is competencies developed?
- correct answer Education
Life experiences
Health care experiences
Reflection
A student nurse walks into a patient room, introduces themselves, and begins to complete a full head-
to-toe assessment. The clinical faculty member enters the room, introduces themselves, and asks the
student to step out of the room for a moment. The student meets the faculty member in the hallway
and is asked to identify 15 cues or observations they noted during their initial contact with the patient
and the patient's environment. Although the student is unable to reach 15 observations, the faculty
guides the student to recognize the linen on the floor, old dinner tray on the windowsill, empty water
pitcher, twisted oxygen tubing, the patient's pallor, and several other things requiring action. What is
the value of engaging in this kind of activity with students in the clinical setting?
- Developing situational awareness is important to risk prevention, timely implementation of
interventions, and prioritizing actio
- correct answer - Developing situational awareness is important to risk prevention, timely
implementation of interventions, and prioritizing actions
A nursing program uses Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model, a research-based model that accounts for
differences in the patient, environment, and individual student nurse. What makes Tanner's reflection
step unique?
- The emphasis is on noticing, interpreting, and responding; reflection is less important.
- Reflection occurs both in-action (in the moment) and on-action (after the situation).
- Reflection occurs fist in the model that is focused on rapid decision making and patient outcomes.
- Reflection is the last step in a linear model and is designed to minimize bias in the student nurse.
- correct answer - Reflection occurs both in-action (in the moment) and on-action (after the situation).
