Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology EXAM
2026 || MOST RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCES!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
Le Chatlier's principle: pressure
pressure applied (or volume reduced) --> equilibrium proceeds in
direction with fewer moles
pressure removed (or volume increased) --> equilibrium proceeds in
direction with more moles
Le Chatlier's principle: temperature
increasing temperature
- toward products (if endothermic)
- toward reactants (if exothermic)
decreasing temperature
- toward products (if exothermic)
- toward reactants (if endothermic)
Le Chatlier's principle: concentration
increase concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward products
decrease concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward reactants
**the goal is to restore equilibrium
,pH definition
pH = -log([H+])
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa + log [Conj. Base]/[Acid]
**used to estimate pH of solution in buffer region (in which species and
its conjugate are in approximately equal quantities)
,Redox reactions
reduction - gain of electrons
oxidation - loss of electrons
Oxidizing vs reducing agents
oxidizing agents cause oxidation (they are reduced)
reducing agents cause reduction (they are oxidized)
Voltaic cell
AKA galvanic cell
Spontaneous, supply energy
- reaction with higher E is reduced (cathode)
- ex. Zn and Cu connected by salt bridge
Electrons flow from anode --> cathode
Energy flows from cathode --> anode
, Reduction potential
Cathode minus anode
For voltaic cells, the higher value is the cathode
**cathode is reduced, anode is oxidized
Effects of temperature, pressure and concentration on reduction
potentials
Increased concentration --> decreased Ecell
**temperature and pressure affect reduction potential
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = -nFEcell
Biological roles of heme
1. carrying oxygen
2. transporting/storing electrons
Heat of chemical reactions
ΔH = bonds broken - bonds formed
Hess's law
Gibbs free energy equation
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
2026 || MOST RECENT EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL
COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCES!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
Le Chatlier's principle: pressure
pressure applied (or volume reduced) --> equilibrium proceeds in
direction with fewer moles
pressure removed (or volume increased) --> equilibrium proceeds in
direction with more moles
Le Chatlier's principle: temperature
increasing temperature
- toward products (if endothermic)
- toward reactants (if exothermic)
decreasing temperature
- toward products (if exothermic)
- toward reactants (if endothermic)
Le Chatlier's principle: concentration
increase concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward products
decrease concentration of reactants
- reaction shifts toward reactants
**the goal is to restore equilibrium
,pH definition
pH = -log([H+])
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa + log [Conj. Base]/[Acid]
**used to estimate pH of solution in buffer region (in which species and
its conjugate are in approximately equal quantities)
,Redox reactions
reduction - gain of electrons
oxidation - loss of electrons
Oxidizing vs reducing agents
oxidizing agents cause oxidation (they are reduced)
reducing agents cause reduction (they are oxidized)
Voltaic cell
AKA galvanic cell
Spontaneous, supply energy
- reaction with higher E is reduced (cathode)
- ex. Zn and Cu connected by salt bridge
Electrons flow from anode --> cathode
Energy flows from cathode --> anode
, Reduction potential
Cathode minus anode
For voltaic cells, the higher value is the cathode
**cathode is reduced, anode is oxidized
Effects of temperature, pressure and concentration on reduction
potentials
Increased concentration --> decreased Ecell
**temperature and pressure affect reduction potential
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = -nFEcell
Biological roles of heme
1. carrying oxygen
2. transporting/storing electrons
Heat of chemical reactions
ΔH = bonds broken - bonds formed
Hess's law
Gibbs free energy equation
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
