PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE
ELEVENTH EDITION EXAM PAPER 2026
VERIFIED ANSWERS FULL STUDY GUIDE
TRAUMA CARE REVISION MODULE
◉ Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
Answer: -Protects individuals who have a documented disability
from being denied initial or continued employment based on their
disability
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with
the disability is not denied employment.
◉ Emergency Medical Responder
Answer: -Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed
the EMS system and while awaiting response from a higher-level
EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
2. Vitals
,3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
◉ Emergency Medical Technician
Answer: -Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation
to patients who access the EMS system
What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
◉ EMS System
Answer: -Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or
illness
-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of
injury or illness until rehabilitation or discharge
,◉ Evidence-Based Medicine
Answer: -Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain
procedures, medications, and equipment improve the patient's
outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be
answered
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and
applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and
implement the change in pre-hospital emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
◉ Medical Direction
Answer: -Developing and establishing the guidelines under which
the emergency medical service personnel function.
◉ Medical Director
, Answer: -Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and
patient care aspects of the EMS system.
-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates
quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
◉ Medical Oversight
Answer: -Describes the EMS system medical director's
responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities
performed by the medical director
◉ Off-line Medical Direction
Answer: -Provided through a set of predetermined, written
guidelines that allow EMTs to use their judgement to administer
emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
◉ On-line Medical Direction
Answer: -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a
physician (in any way) prior to administering specific emergency
care.
◉ Paramedic
Answer: -Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
ELEVENTH EDITION EXAM PAPER 2026
VERIFIED ANSWERS FULL STUDY GUIDE
TRAUMA CARE REVISION MODULE
◉ Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
Answer: -Protects individuals who have a documented disability
from being denied initial or continued employment based on their
disability
-Employer has to make the necessary adjustment so the person with
the disability is not denied employment.
◉ Emergency Medical Responder
Answer: -Similar to first responder level
-Provides immediate lifesaving care to patients who have accessed
the EMS system and while awaiting response from a higher-level
EMS practitioner
What they do:
1. Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen devices
2. Vitals
,3. Stabilization of the spine and suspected extremity injuries
4. Eye irrigation
5. Bleeding control
6. Emergency Moves, CPR
7. Automated external defibrillation (AED)
8. Emergency childbirth care
◉ Emergency Medical Technician
Answer: -Provide basic emergency medical care and transportation
to patients who access the EMS system
What they do: everything an EMR does, but on an ambulance, plus:
1. Use advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation equipment
2. Pulse oximetry
3. Automatic blood pressure monitoring equipment
4. Limited medication administration
◉ EMS System
Answer: -Permits patient care to begin at the scene of injury or
illness
-Part of a continuum of patient care that extends from the time of
injury or illness until rehabilitation or discharge
,◉ Evidence-Based Medicine
Answer: -Focuses on research to provide clear evidence that certain
procedures, medications, and equipment improve the patient's
outcome.
Steps that are common in evidenced-based decision making:
1. Formulate a question about emergency care that needs to be
answered
2. Search medical literature for research data that are related and
applicable to the question
3. Appraise the evidence for validity and reliability
4. IF evidence supports a change in practice, change protocols and
implement the change in pre-hospital emergency care.
Limitation: not enough research done on it.
◉ Medical Direction
Answer: -Developing and establishing the guidelines under which
the emergency medical service personnel function.
◉ Medical Director
, Answer: -Physician who is legally responsible for the clinical and
patient care aspects of the EMS system.
-Also teaches EMS education and refresher courses, facilitates
quality improvement system.
-Also responsible for providing medical direction
◉ Medical Oversight
Answer: -Describes the EMS system medical director's
responsibilities
-Include all of the clinical and administrative functions and activities
performed by the medical director
◉ Off-line Medical Direction
Answer: -Provided through a set of predetermined, written
guidelines that allow EMTs to use their judgement to administer
emergency medical care (without having to contact physician)
◉ On-line Medical Direction
Answer: -Requires that the EMT acquire permission from a
physician (in any way) prior to administering specific emergency
care.
◉ Paramedic
Answer: -Can do all things EMTs and AEMTs do with the addition of:
