NR283 Pathophysiology Chapter 13 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS
questions and answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
Respiratory Control Cycle
- correct answer Increased Pco2 in blood & cerebral spine fluid > Stimulates chemoreceptors in medulla
> Stimulates inspiratory muscles > Increases respiratory rate > removes CO2 from body > Decreased
Pco2 > Decreased chemoreceptor stimulation > Slow respirations > Retain more CO2 > REPEAT
Hypercapnia
- correct answer Carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.
Carbon dioxide easily diffuses into CSF.
- Lowers pH/stimulates respiratory center
- Increased rate and depth of respirations
- Causes respiratory acidosis
Hypoxemia
- correct answer Marked decreases in O2
- Chemoreceptors respond
- Important control mechanism in individuals w/chronic lung disease
Hypoxic Drive
- correct answer A form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of
carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle.
Stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.
Occurs w/COPD
Hypocapnia
- correct answer Caused by low carbon dioxide concentrations. May be caused by hyperventilation.
Causes respiratory alkalosis.
, Manifestations of Respiratory Disease
- correct answer - Sneezing
- Coughing
- Sputum (a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory track) - Hemoptysis = blood
sputum
- Dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing)
- Cyanosis (blue skin/mucous membrane, result of deoxygenation
- Pleural pain
- Friction rub
- Clubbed digits
- Changes in arterial blood gases
Kussmaul respirations
- correct answer Deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- correct answer Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes
faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an
apnea.
Hyperpnea
- correct answer Increased depth of respiration w/a normal to increased rate and regular rhythm.
Atlaxic breathing
- correct answer Periods of apnea alternating irregular w/a series of shallow breaths of equal depth.
Orthopnea
- correct answer Laying down can't breath
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- correct answer Dyspnea at sleep (wake gasping of breath)
questions and answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
Respiratory Control Cycle
- correct answer Increased Pco2 in blood & cerebral spine fluid > Stimulates chemoreceptors in medulla
> Stimulates inspiratory muscles > Increases respiratory rate > removes CO2 from body > Decreased
Pco2 > Decreased chemoreceptor stimulation > Slow respirations > Retain more CO2 > REPEAT
Hypercapnia
- correct answer Carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase.
Carbon dioxide easily diffuses into CSF.
- Lowers pH/stimulates respiratory center
- Increased rate and depth of respirations
- Causes respiratory acidosis
Hypoxemia
- correct answer Marked decreases in O2
- Chemoreceptors respond
- Important control mechanism in individuals w/chronic lung disease
Hypoxic Drive
- correct answer A form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead of
carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle.
Stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.
Occurs w/COPD
Hypocapnia
- correct answer Caused by low carbon dioxide concentrations. May be caused by hyperventilation.
Causes respiratory alkalosis.
, Manifestations of Respiratory Disease
- correct answer - Sneezing
- Coughing
- Sputum (a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory track) - Hemoptysis = blood
sputum
- Dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing)
- Cyanosis (blue skin/mucous membrane, result of deoxygenation
- Pleural pain
- Friction rub
- Clubbed digits
- Changes in arterial blood gases
Kussmaul respirations
- correct answer Deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- correct answer Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes
faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an
apnea.
Hyperpnea
- correct answer Increased depth of respiration w/a normal to increased rate and regular rhythm.
Atlaxic breathing
- correct answer Periods of apnea alternating irregular w/a series of shallow breaths of equal depth.
Orthopnea
- correct answer Laying down can't breath
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- correct answer Dyspnea at sleep (wake gasping of breath)
