NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 2 verified questions and
answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
arteries
- correct answer transport blood away from heart
veins
- correct answer transport blood to the heart
capillaries
- correct answer microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation
- correct answer exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation
- correct answer gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins
- correct answer osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes
- correct answer contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin
- correct answer produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
,3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis)
- correct answer 1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3. coagulation
mechanism
Rh+
- correct answer antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh-
- correct answer absence of antigen D
anemia
- correct answer causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to
- correct answer less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction-
compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia
- correct answer fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of epithelial cells, severe
anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss, impaired duodenal
absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis,
glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
, pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
- correct answer lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by gastric mucosa, required for
intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia
- correct answer dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia
- correct answer general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of
pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia
- correct answer impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and pancytopenia
pancytopenia
- correct answer decreased numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the blood
etiology of aplastic anemia
- correct answer myelotoxins: radiation, industrial chemicals, drugs, genetic abnormalities, hep C, SLE
signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia
- correct answer general signs, leukopenia (recurrent infection), thrombocytopenia (petechiae)
sickle cell anemia
- correct answer caused by genetic condition, autosomal recessive disorder, more common in Africans
etiology of sickle cell anemia
- correct answer abnormal hemoglobin, sickle cell crisis occurs whenever oxygen levels are lowered,
sickle shaped cells have shorter lifespan, sickle cell hemoglobin leads to multiple infarctions
signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia
- correct answer general signs, severe pain because of ischemia of tissues and infarction, jaundice,
hyperbillirubinemia, acute symptom of vaso-occlusive/painful crisis
answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
arteries
- correct answer transport blood away from heart
veins
- correct answer transport blood to the heart
capillaries
- correct answer microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation
- correct answer exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation
- correct answer gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins
- correct answer osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
erythrocytes
- correct answer contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
erythropoietin
- correct answer produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
,3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis)
- correct answer 1. vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3. coagulation
mechanism
Rh+
- correct answer antigen D in plasma membrane
Rh-
- correct answer absence of antigen D
anemia
- correct answer causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to
- correct answer less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction-
compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia
- correct answer fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of epithelial cells, severe
anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss, impaired duodenal
absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia
- correct answer general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis,
glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
, pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
- correct answer lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by gastric mucosa, required for
intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia
- correct answer dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as gastrectomy
signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia
- correct answer general signs, tongue enlarged, red, sore, and shiny, digestive discomfort, feeling of
pins and needles, tingling of limbs
aplastic anemia
- correct answer impairment or failure of bone marrow leading to loss of stem cells and pancytopenia
pancytopenia
- correct answer decreased numbers of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the blood
etiology of aplastic anemia
- correct answer myelotoxins: radiation, industrial chemicals, drugs, genetic abnormalities, hep C, SLE
signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia
- correct answer general signs, leukopenia (recurrent infection), thrombocytopenia (petechiae)
sickle cell anemia
- correct answer caused by genetic condition, autosomal recessive disorder, more common in Africans
etiology of sickle cell anemia
- correct answer abnormal hemoglobin, sickle cell crisis occurs whenever oxygen levels are lowered,
sickle shaped cells have shorter lifespan, sickle cell hemoglobin leads to multiple infarctions
signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia
- correct answer general signs, severe pain because of ischemia of tissues and infarction, jaundice,
hyperbillirubinemia, acute symptom of vaso-occlusive/painful crisis
