NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 questions and answers
A+ Grade 2026\2027
Etiology
- correct answer Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Pathogenesis
- correct answer Story of how disease develops
Atrophy
- correct answer Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy
- correct answer Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
Hyperplasia
- correct answer Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia
- correct answer Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia
Dysplasia
- correct answer Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Neoplasia
- correct answer New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
Apoptosis
- correct answer Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
, Ischemia
- correct answer Deficit of oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia
- correct answer Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic
- correct answer illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Disorders
- correct answer Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
Cystic fibrosis
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria)
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Autosomal Dominant Disorders
- correct answer Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or
don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan Syndrome
- correct answer Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
A+ Grade 2026\2027
Etiology
- correct answer Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
Pathogenesis
- correct answer Story of how disease develops
Atrophy
- correct answer Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy
- correct answer Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
Hyperplasia
- correct answer Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia
- correct answer Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells
lose cilia
Dysplasia
- correct answer Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
Neoplasia
- correct answer New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
Apoptosis
- correct answer Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
, Ischemia
- correct answer Deficit of oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia
- correct answer Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic
- correct answer illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Disorders
- correct answer Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
Cystic fibrosis
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
PKU (phenylketonuria)
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can
cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
Tay-Sachs
- correct answer autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fatty
proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Autosomal Dominant Disorders
- correct answer Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have disease or
don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan Syndrome
- correct answer Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
