Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Maternal-
Newborn Nursing: Critical Components of
Nursing Care, 4th Edition by Roberta
Durham & Linda Chapman | Chapters 1–19
Complete
Fertility - answer- Natural ability to conceive without medical assistance.
Conception Timeline - answer- Most clients conceive within 6-12 months of regular, unprotected
intercourse.
Referral to Specialist - answer- After 12 months (or 6 months if >35 yrs) of trying without success.
Age - answer- Decreases oocyte quantity & quality.
High or Low BMI - answer- Affects hormone regulation and ovulation.
Smoking - answer- Reduces fertility in both sexes.
Excessive Exercise - answer- May disrupt menstrual cycles/ovulation.
Need for ART - answer- Some clients require assistive reproductive technologies.
Inclusive Nursing Care - answer- Support cisgender, transgender, and intersex clients. Use inclusive
language.
Assessment Includes - answer- Reproductive history, hormone levels, imaging, lifestyle review.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (19-26 yrs) - answer- 50%.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (27-34 yrs) - answer- 40%.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (35-39 yrs) - answer- 30%.
Oocytes - answer- Female egg cells; fixed number at birth; decline in quality with age.
Anovulation - answer- No ovulation; leads to infertility; linked to hormonal or weight issues.
Gonadotropins - answer- Hormones (LH & FSH) that regulate ovulation and reproductive function.
,Overweight (BMI 25-29.9) - answer- Increases time to pregnancy. Ovulatory dysfunction common if >27
BMI.
Obese (BMI ≥30) - answer- Further increases infertility risk.
Underweight (BMI <17) - answer- Can lead to gonadotropin disruption → anovula on → infer lity.
Every 5 kg (11 lb) gain - answer- = ~5% longer time to pregnancy.
Age-related risks - answer- Higher chance of spontaneous abortion, increased fetal demise, lower IVF
success rates with nondonor eggs.
Fertility decline age - answer- Fertility begins declining around age 32.
Lifestyle changes - answer- Encourage nutrition, weight, smoking cessation as first-line interventions.
Critical Thinking Note - answer- Consider discussing reproductive planning early, especially with clients
approaching or over 35, or with known fertility risk factors.
Low BMI - answer- Underweight: BMI <17
Impact of Low BMI - answer- Disruption of gonadotropin production leading to anovulation and
infertility.
Clinical Insight - answer- Evaluate menstrual patterns and BMI in clients presenting with infertility.
Nutritional counseling and weight optimization may restore ovulation.
2023 U.S. births - answer- 3,596,017
Birth rate - answer- 10.7 per 1,000 population
Global ranking (2024) - answer- U.S. is 145th in the world.
Maternal morbidity - answer- Health complications caused by pregnancy or childbirth (short- or long-
term).
Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) - answer- Life-threatening complications (e.g., hemorrhage, sepsis,
eclampsia, cardiac arrest).
Maternal mortality - answer- Death during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum due to pregnancy-
related causes.
Leading Causes of Maternal Death - answer- Mental health conditions → suicide, substance use (28% of
pregnancy-related deaths).
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) - answer- ~70,000 global deaths annually.
, Risk Factors for PPH - answer- Preexisting conditions: Mental health, CV disease, asthma, diabetes.
Age >35 - answer- Increased risk of diabetes, preeclampsia.
Lifestyle factors - answer- Smoking, alcohol, substance use (linked to miscarriage, LBW, preterm).
Fetal demise (2020) - answer- ~20,000 deaths; 30% unexplained.
Infant mortality (2020) - answer- 5.4/1,000 live births.
Black clients - answer- 2-3x higher risk of maternal death.
Black infants - answer- Highest infant mortality rate in U.S.
Healthy People 2030 Goals - answer- Reduce maternal deaths (target: 15.7/100,000 live births).
Advocacy in Nursing - answer- Advocacy = defending/supporting a client, policy, or cause.
Patient-centered care - answer- Collaboration based on client's needs, values, preferences.
Therapeutic relationship - answer- Builds trust, improves outcomes, enhances satisfaction.
Therapeutic communication techniques - answer- Includes active listening, open-ended questions,
reflecting, clarifying, respecting privacy, appropriate silence, and attention to non-verbal cues.
Active listening - answer- A technique used in therapeutic communication.
Preconception counseling - answer- Essential engagement with clients before pregnancy to promote
health.
Prenatal education - answer- Essential engagement with clients during pregnancy to promote health.
Discharge teaching - answer- Essential engagement with clients after pregnancy to promote health.
Health promotion - answer- Includes teaching danger signs in the newborn, breastfeeding support, safe
infant care practices, and encouraging community classes & support networks.
NIH Initiatives - answer- Address racial disparities in maternal care and support community-partnered
research projects.
Legal Issues in Nursing - answer- Includes Nursing Practice Act, liability for fetal heart monitoring
accuracy, and standards of care.
Ethical Principles - answer- Nine core principles including practice with empathy & respect, client is
primary commitment, and accountability for own practice.
Beneficence - answer- Provide care that benefits more than harms.
Newborn Nursing: Critical Components of
Nursing Care, 4th Edition by Roberta
Durham & Linda Chapman | Chapters 1–19
Complete
Fertility - answer- Natural ability to conceive without medical assistance.
Conception Timeline - answer- Most clients conceive within 6-12 months of regular, unprotected
intercourse.
Referral to Specialist - answer- After 12 months (or 6 months if >35 yrs) of trying without success.
Age - answer- Decreases oocyte quantity & quality.
High or Low BMI - answer- Affects hormone regulation and ovulation.
Smoking - answer- Reduces fertility in both sexes.
Excessive Exercise - answer- May disrupt menstrual cycles/ovulation.
Need for ART - answer- Some clients require assistive reproductive technologies.
Inclusive Nursing Care - answer- Support cisgender, transgender, and intersex clients. Use inclusive
language.
Assessment Includes - answer- Reproductive history, hormone levels, imaging, lifestyle review.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (19-26 yrs) - answer- 50%.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (27-34 yrs) - answer- 40%.
Pregnancy Rate on Most Fertile Day (35-39 yrs) - answer- 30%.
Oocytes - answer- Female egg cells; fixed number at birth; decline in quality with age.
Anovulation - answer- No ovulation; leads to infertility; linked to hormonal or weight issues.
Gonadotropins - answer- Hormones (LH & FSH) that regulate ovulation and reproductive function.
,Overweight (BMI 25-29.9) - answer- Increases time to pregnancy. Ovulatory dysfunction common if >27
BMI.
Obese (BMI ≥30) - answer- Further increases infertility risk.
Underweight (BMI <17) - answer- Can lead to gonadotropin disruption → anovula on → infer lity.
Every 5 kg (11 lb) gain - answer- = ~5% longer time to pregnancy.
Age-related risks - answer- Higher chance of spontaneous abortion, increased fetal demise, lower IVF
success rates with nondonor eggs.
Fertility decline age - answer- Fertility begins declining around age 32.
Lifestyle changes - answer- Encourage nutrition, weight, smoking cessation as first-line interventions.
Critical Thinking Note - answer- Consider discussing reproductive planning early, especially with clients
approaching or over 35, or with known fertility risk factors.
Low BMI - answer- Underweight: BMI <17
Impact of Low BMI - answer- Disruption of gonadotropin production leading to anovulation and
infertility.
Clinical Insight - answer- Evaluate menstrual patterns and BMI in clients presenting with infertility.
Nutritional counseling and weight optimization may restore ovulation.
2023 U.S. births - answer- 3,596,017
Birth rate - answer- 10.7 per 1,000 population
Global ranking (2024) - answer- U.S. is 145th in the world.
Maternal morbidity - answer- Health complications caused by pregnancy or childbirth (short- or long-
term).
Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) - answer- Life-threatening complications (e.g., hemorrhage, sepsis,
eclampsia, cardiac arrest).
Maternal mortality - answer- Death during pregnancy or within 1 year postpartum due to pregnancy-
related causes.
Leading Causes of Maternal Death - answer- Mental health conditions → suicide, substance use (28% of
pregnancy-related deaths).
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) - answer- ~70,000 global deaths annually.
, Risk Factors for PPH - answer- Preexisting conditions: Mental health, CV disease, asthma, diabetes.
Age >35 - answer- Increased risk of diabetes, preeclampsia.
Lifestyle factors - answer- Smoking, alcohol, substance use (linked to miscarriage, LBW, preterm).
Fetal demise (2020) - answer- ~20,000 deaths; 30% unexplained.
Infant mortality (2020) - answer- 5.4/1,000 live births.
Black clients - answer- 2-3x higher risk of maternal death.
Black infants - answer- Highest infant mortality rate in U.S.
Healthy People 2030 Goals - answer- Reduce maternal deaths (target: 15.7/100,000 live births).
Advocacy in Nursing - answer- Advocacy = defending/supporting a client, policy, or cause.
Patient-centered care - answer- Collaboration based on client's needs, values, preferences.
Therapeutic relationship - answer- Builds trust, improves outcomes, enhances satisfaction.
Therapeutic communication techniques - answer- Includes active listening, open-ended questions,
reflecting, clarifying, respecting privacy, appropriate silence, and attention to non-verbal cues.
Active listening - answer- A technique used in therapeutic communication.
Preconception counseling - answer- Essential engagement with clients before pregnancy to promote
health.
Prenatal education - answer- Essential engagement with clients during pregnancy to promote health.
Discharge teaching - answer- Essential engagement with clients after pregnancy to promote health.
Health promotion - answer- Includes teaching danger signs in the newborn, breastfeeding support, safe
infant care practices, and encouraging community classes & support networks.
NIH Initiatives - answer- Address racial disparities in maternal care and support community-partnered
research projects.
Legal Issues in Nursing - answer- Includes Nursing Practice Act, liability for fetal heart monitoring
accuracy, and standards of care.
Ethical Principles - answer- Nine core principles including practice with empathy & respect, client is
primary commitment, and accountability for own practice.
Beneficence - answer- Provide care that benefits more than harms.
