NUR 1211 MEDICAL SURGICAL 2026
NEUROLOGICAL AND MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS CLINICAL INTERVENTION
NOTES
◉ A patient is being treated for bacterial pneumonia. In the first
stages of illness, the patients dyspnea was accompanied by a high
fever. Currently, the patient claims to be feeling better and is afebrile.
The patient is most likely in which stage of the immune response?
A) Recognition stage
B) Proliferation stage
C) Response stage
D) Effector stage
Answer: D) Effector stage
The immune response culminates with the effector stage, during
which offending microorganisms are killed by the various actions of
the immune system. The patients improvement in health status is
likely the result of this final stage in the immune response.
,◉ The nurse is providing care for a patient who has multiple
sclerosis. The nurse recognizes the autoimmune etiology of this
disease and the potential benefits of what treatment?
A) Stem cell transplantation
B) Serial immunizations
C) Immunosuppression
D) Genetic engineering
Answer: A) Stem cell transplantation
Clinical trials using stem cells are under way in patients with a
variety of disorders having an autoimmune component, including
multiple sclerosis.
◉ A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves
inflammation. What are the first cells to arrive at a site of
inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: D) Neutrophils
,Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where
inflammation occurs.
◉ The nurse should recognize a patients risk for impaired immune
function if the patient has undergone surgical removal of which of
the following?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Spleen
C) Kidney
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Spleen
A history of surgical removal of the spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus
may place the patient at risk for impaired immune function.
◉ A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of
a nutritional deficit. Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a
patients susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
, C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins
Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues,
depression of antibody response, reduction in the number of
circulating T cells, and impaired phagocytic function. As a result, the
patient has an increased susceptibility to infection.
◉ A nurse has admitted a patient who has been diagnosed with
urosepsis. What immune response predominates in sepsis?
A) Mitigated
B) Nonspecific
C) Cellular
D) Humoral
Answer: D) Humoral
Most immune responses to antigens involve both humoral and
cellular responses, although only one predominates. For example,
during transplantation rejection, the cellular response
predominates, whereas in the bacterial pneumonias and sepsis, the
humoral response plays the dominant role.
NEUROLOGICAL AND MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS CLINICAL INTERVENTION
NOTES
◉ A patient is being treated for bacterial pneumonia. In the first
stages of illness, the patients dyspnea was accompanied by a high
fever. Currently, the patient claims to be feeling better and is afebrile.
The patient is most likely in which stage of the immune response?
A) Recognition stage
B) Proliferation stage
C) Response stage
D) Effector stage
Answer: D) Effector stage
The immune response culminates with the effector stage, during
which offending microorganisms are killed by the various actions of
the immune system. The patients improvement in health status is
likely the result of this final stage in the immune response.
,◉ The nurse is providing care for a patient who has multiple
sclerosis. The nurse recognizes the autoimmune etiology of this
disease and the potential benefits of what treatment?
A) Stem cell transplantation
B) Serial immunizations
C) Immunosuppression
D) Genetic engineering
Answer: A) Stem cell transplantation
Clinical trials using stem cells are under way in patients with a
variety of disorders having an autoimmune component, including
multiple sclerosis.
◉ A patients injury has initiated an immune response that involves
inflammation. What are the first cells to arrive at a site of
inflammation?
A) Eosinophils
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
Answer: D) Neutrophils
,Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site where
inflammation occurs.
◉ The nurse should recognize a patients risk for impaired immune
function if the patient has undergone surgical removal of which of
the following?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Spleen
C) Kidney
D) Pancreas
Answer: B) Spleen
A history of surgical removal of the spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus
may place the patient at risk for impaired immune function.
◉ A nurse is admitting a patient who exhibits signs and symptoms of
a nutritional deficit. Inadequate intake of what nutrient increases a
patients susceptibility to infection?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Unsaturated fats
, C) Proteins
D) Complex carbohydrates
Answer: C) Proteins
Depletion of protein reserves results in atrophy of lymphoid tissues,
depression of antibody response, reduction in the number of
circulating T cells, and impaired phagocytic function. As a result, the
patient has an increased susceptibility to infection.
◉ A nurse has admitted a patient who has been diagnosed with
urosepsis. What immune response predominates in sepsis?
A) Mitigated
B) Nonspecific
C) Cellular
D) Humoral
Answer: D) Humoral
Most immune responses to antigens involve both humoral and
cellular responses, although only one predominates. For example,
during transplantation rejection, the cellular response
predominates, whereas in the bacterial pneumonias and sepsis, the
humoral response plays the dominant role.
