APHY 101 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?: Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
2. What are the levels of organization?: subatomic particles, atom, acromolecule,
molecule, m ganelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism or-
3. What are the requirements of life?: Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
4. What are the characteristics of life?: Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness
(reaction to
internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new
organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food);
Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement
within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically ditterent forms); Excretion
(removal of metabolic wastes)
5. Define homeostasis: Body's maintenance of a stable environment
6. What is a homeostatic mechanism?: the body maintains homeostasis through a
number of
,self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors
to regulate body pressure
7. Define matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of
elements.
8. Define element: fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
9. Define atoms: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
10. What is the structure of an atom?: An atom consists of a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons,
with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
11. Atomic nucleus: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
12. Proton: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
13. Neutron: subatomic particle that has no charge
14. Electron: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,15. Atomic number: number or protons in nucleus
16. Atomic mass: number of protons plus number of neutrons
17. What are covalent bonds?: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to
become stable
with
filled
outer
shells
18. What are ionic bonds?: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are
transferred from
one atom to another atom
19. What are hydrogen bonds?: Weak attraction between positive end of one polar
molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
20. Define ion: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
21. Define synthesis reaction: Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
22. Define decomposition reaction: Larger molecules are broken down into smaller
ones
23. Define exchange reaction: Parts of molecules trade places
24. Define reactant: The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
25. Define product: Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
, 26. Define catalyst: influence the rates of chemical reactions
27. What is an acid?: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
28. What is a base?: Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water
29. What is a salt?: Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
30. What is a pH scale?: represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
31. Neutral solution: pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+and OH-
32. Acidic solution: pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
33. Basic solution: pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
34. What is the difference between an organic molecule and an
inorganic mole- cule?: organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic
compounds do not
35. What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?: Dehydration reactions link
monomers
together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers using a
water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.
36. What are carbohydrates?: Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities. These
molecules contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
37. What are lipids?: Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are insoluble
in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Answers
1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?: Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
2. What are the levels of organization?: subatomic particles, atom, acromolecule,
molecule, m ganelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism or-
3. What are the requirements of life?: Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
4. What are the characteristics of life?: Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness
(reaction to
internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new
organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food);
Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement
within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically ditterent forms); Excretion
(removal of metabolic wastes)
5. Define homeostasis: Body's maintenance of a stable environment
6. What is a homeostatic mechanism?: the body maintains homeostasis through a
number of
,self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors
to regulate body pressure
7. Define matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of
elements.
8. Define element: fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
9. Define atoms: smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter
10. What is the structure of an atom?: An atom consists of a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons,
with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
11. Atomic nucleus: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
12. Proton: subatomic particle that has a positive charge
13. Neutron: subatomic particle that has no charge
14. Electron: subatomic particle that has a negative charge
,15. Atomic number: number or protons in nucleus
16. Atomic mass: number of protons plus number of neutrons
17. What are covalent bonds?: Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to
become stable
with
filled
outer
shells
18. What are ionic bonds?: 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are
transferred from
one atom to another atom
19. What are hydrogen bonds?: Weak attraction between positive end of one polar
molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
20. Define ion: When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions.
21. Define synthesis reaction: Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
22. Define decomposition reaction: Larger molecules are broken down into smaller
ones
23. Define exchange reaction: Parts of molecules trade places
24. Define reactant: The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
25. Define product: Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
, 26. Define catalyst: influence the rates of chemical reactions
27. What is an acid?: Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
28. What is a base?: Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water
29. What is a salt?: Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
30. What is a pH scale?: represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
31. Neutral solution: pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+and OH-
32. Acidic solution: pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
33. Basic solution: pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
34. What is the difference between an organic molecule and an
inorganic mole- cule?: organic compounds have hydrogen and carbon; inorganic
compounds do not
35. What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?: Dehydration reactions link
monomers
together into polymers by releasing water, and hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers using a
water molecule. Monomers are just single unit molecules and polymers are chains of monomers.
36. What are carbohydrates?: Carbohydrates provide energy for cellular activities. These
molecules contain
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
37. What are lipids?: Primarily used to supply energy for cellular activity. Lipids are insoluble
in water and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
