APHY 101 – Midterm Exam Ch. 1-6
Questions and Answers
1. Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the
study of Phys- iology: Anatomy is the study of structure of body parts/Physiology is the study of
function of body parts
2. Name and define the levels of organization of life: Organelles, cells, tissues,
organs, and organ systems
3. Define Metabolisim: The sum of all physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and
utilize energy
4. Define Homeostasis. How does a homeostatic mechanism
maintain home- ostasis?: The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Depend on normal concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen, and normal body temperature and
pressure
5. What is meant by negative feedback? How does negative
feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms?: Works to correct a deviation from a set
point (Tries to get back to the set point/normal)
6. Describe the structure of a serous membrane: Smooth membrane consisting
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,of 2 layers of epithelial cells which secrete serous fluid
7. What are signs of aging at the cellular level?: Impaired cell division and the
ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts
8. What is meant by anatomical position?: Universal body position: Standing erect,
facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out.
9. Explain why chemistry is an important part of the study of
Physiology: Body functions depend on cellular functions that, in turn, result from chemical
changes
10. Atom: The smallest unit of matter that defines the chemical elements
11. Element: Fundamental substances in which all matter is composed of
12. Molecule: 2 or more atoms may combine to form a molecule
13. Compound: A substance made from two or more elements chemically combined
14. Name the bulk elements of the body: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Sulfur, and Phos- phorus
15. What do atomic number and atomic weight of an atom
represent?: Atomic Number is the number of protons in the atoms of a particular
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, element/Atomic Weight is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an element's
atoms
16. Define Ion. How do we indicate in a molecular formula if an
atom is an
ion?: Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged
17. Isotope: An isotope is an atom that have the same atomic numbers but ditterent atomic
weights
18. Distinguish between types of chemical reactions: Synthesis,
Decomposition, Exchange, and Reversible:
19. Electrolyte: An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting
solution when dissolved in water.
20. Acid: Acids are electrolytes that dissociate the release hydrogen ions in water
21. Base: A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
22. Neutral compound: Occurs when ions of opposite charges attract one another to form
electrically neutral compounds.
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Questions and Answers
1. Explain the difference between the study of Anatomy and the
study of Phys- iology: Anatomy is the study of structure of body parts/Physiology is the study of
function of body parts
2. Name and define the levels of organization of life: Organelles, cells, tissues,
organs, and organ systems
3. Define Metabolisim: The sum of all physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and
utilize energy
4. Define Homeostasis. How does a homeostatic mechanism
maintain home- ostasis?: The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Depend on normal concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen, and normal body temperature and
pressure
5. What is meant by negative feedback? How does negative
feedback affect homeostatic mechanisms?: Works to correct a deviation from a set
point (Tries to get back to the set point/normal)
6. Describe the structure of a serous membrane: Smooth membrane consisting
1/
16
,of 2 layers of epithelial cells which secrete serous fluid
7. What are signs of aging at the cellular level?: Impaired cell division and the
ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts
8. What is meant by anatomical position?: Universal body position: Standing erect,
facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out.
9. Explain why chemistry is an important part of the study of
Physiology: Body functions depend on cellular functions that, in turn, result from chemical
changes
10. Atom: The smallest unit of matter that defines the chemical elements
11. Element: Fundamental substances in which all matter is composed of
12. Molecule: 2 or more atoms may combine to form a molecule
13. Compound: A substance made from two or more elements chemically combined
14. Name the bulk elements of the body: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Sulfur, and Phos- phorus
15. What do atomic number and atomic weight of an atom
represent?: Atomic Number is the number of protons in the atoms of a particular
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16
, element/Atomic Weight is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an element's
atoms
16. Define Ion. How do we indicate in a molecular formula if an
atom is an
ion?: Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons and become electrically charged
17. Isotope: An isotope is an atom that have the same atomic numbers but ditterent atomic
weights
18. Distinguish between types of chemical reactions: Synthesis,
Decomposition, Exchange, and Reversible:
19. Electrolyte: An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting
solution when dissolved in water.
20. Acid: Acids are electrolytes that dissociate the release hydrogen ions in water
21. Base: A compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
22. Neutral compound: Occurs when ions of opposite charges attract one another to form
electrically neutral compounds.
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