HESI A2 Anatomy & Physiology Exam Questions & Answer
2026 100% Guarantee Pass
1. In a scenario where a patient has sustained a severe injury to the femoral
artery, which of the following complications might arise due to the lack of
blood flow to the popliteal artery?
Increased blood flow to the upper leg
Improved circulation in the thigh
Reduced blood supply to the lower leg
Enhanced oxygen delivery to the foot
2. What hormone controls the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands?
Antidiuretic hormone
ACTH
LH
Growth hormone
TSH
3. Describe the significance of the popliteal artery in the circulatory system.
The popliteal artery is crucial for supplying blood to the lower leg
and foot.
The popliteal artery connects to the aorta directly.
The popliteal artery is responsible for draining blood from the heart.
The popliteal artery carries oxygenated blood to the brain.
4. Describe the role of cerumen in the external auditory canal.
, Cerumen protects the ear canal by trapping dust and debris and
has antibacterial properties.
Cerumen is responsible for the balance of the ear.
Cerumen helps in the production of sound waves in the ear.
Cerumen aids in the absorption of sound frequencies.
5. When blood calcium levels are low, which cells respond to parathyroid
hormone (PTH) by removing calcium from the bones to restore blood
calcium levels to normal?
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Fibroblasts
6. Describe how the structure of veins differs from that of arteries and how this
relates to their function in the circulatory system.
Veins have thinner, more compliant walls which allow them to
accommodate larger volumes of blood at lower pressures
compared to arteries.
Veins contain less blood than arteries, which keeps their pressure
lower.
Veins have thicker walls that prevent blood from flowing back, unlike
arteries.
Veins are located deeper in the body, which helps maintain higher
pressure than arteries.
7. When assessing the components of blood in a normal adult, which of the
following components accounts for approximately 55% of the blood
, components?
Red blood cells
Blood plasma
Water
White blood cells and platelets
Blood proteins
None of the above
8. What organelle is abundant in white blood cells to help them eliminate
pathogens?
Mitochondria
Nuclei
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
9. Describe the role of lysosomes in white blood cells and how they contribute
to the immune response.
Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down pathogens, aiding in
the immune response.
Lysosomes store genetic information for white blood cells.
Lysosomes synthesize proteins for white blood cells.
Lysosomes produce energy for white blood cells.
10. If a fracture occurs at the distal end of the radius, what impact might this
have on the function of the carpals?
, It will have no effect on the carpals.
It will cause the carpals to dislocate.
It may limit wrist mobility and affect grip strength.
It will enhance the flexibility of the wrist.
11. What is the name of the gland responsible for the secretion of melatonin?
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
12. Describe the role of the Fallopian tube in the process of fertilization.
The Fallopian tube transports the fertilized ovum to the uterus.
The Fallopian tube serves as a storage site for sperm.
The Fallopian tube is where the sperm meets the ovum, leading to
fertilization.
The Fallopian tube produces hormones for the menstrual cycle.
13. Describe how serotonin influences emotional well-being.
Serotonin is responsible for the production of red blood cells.
Serotonin primarily controls muscle contractions.
Serotonin helps regulate mood and emotional states, contributing
to feelings of happiness and well-being.
Serotonin directly affects the body's immune response.
2026 100% Guarantee Pass
1. In a scenario where a patient has sustained a severe injury to the femoral
artery, which of the following complications might arise due to the lack of
blood flow to the popliteal artery?
Increased blood flow to the upper leg
Improved circulation in the thigh
Reduced blood supply to the lower leg
Enhanced oxygen delivery to the foot
2. What hormone controls the release of cortisol from the adrenal glands?
Antidiuretic hormone
ACTH
LH
Growth hormone
TSH
3. Describe the significance of the popliteal artery in the circulatory system.
The popliteal artery is crucial for supplying blood to the lower leg
and foot.
The popliteal artery connects to the aorta directly.
The popliteal artery is responsible for draining blood from the heart.
The popliteal artery carries oxygenated blood to the brain.
4. Describe the role of cerumen in the external auditory canal.
, Cerumen protects the ear canal by trapping dust and debris and
has antibacterial properties.
Cerumen is responsible for the balance of the ear.
Cerumen helps in the production of sound waves in the ear.
Cerumen aids in the absorption of sound frequencies.
5. When blood calcium levels are low, which cells respond to parathyroid
hormone (PTH) by removing calcium from the bones to restore blood
calcium levels to normal?
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Fibroblasts
6. Describe how the structure of veins differs from that of arteries and how this
relates to their function in the circulatory system.
Veins have thinner, more compliant walls which allow them to
accommodate larger volumes of blood at lower pressures
compared to arteries.
Veins contain less blood than arteries, which keeps their pressure
lower.
Veins have thicker walls that prevent blood from flowing back, unlike
arteries.
Veins are located deeper in the body, which helps maintain higher
pressure than arteries.
7. When assessing the components of blood in a normal adult, which of the
following components accounts for approximately 55% of the blood
, components?
Red blood cells
Blood plasma
Water
White blood cells and platelets
Blood proteins
None of the above
8. What organelle is abundant in white blood cells to help them eliminate
pathogens?
Mitochondria
Nuclei
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
9. Describe the role of lysosomes in white blood cells and how they contribute
to the immune response.
Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down pathogens, aiding in
the immune response.
Lysosomes store genetic information for white blood cells.
Lysosomes synthesize proteins for white blood cells.
Lysosomes produce energy for white blood cells.
10. If a fracture occurs at the distal end of the radius, what impact might this
have on the function of the carpals?
, It will have no effect on the carpals.
It will cause the carpals to dislocate.
It may limit wrist mobility and affect grip strength.
It will enhance the flexibility of the wrist.
11. What is the name of the gland responsible for the secretion of melatonin?
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
12. Describe the role of the Fallopian tube in the process of fertilization.
The Fallopian tube transports the fertilized ovum to the uterus.
The Fallopian tube serves as a storage site for sperm.
The Fallopian tube is where the sperm meets the ovum, leading to
fertilization.
The Fallopian tube produces hormones for the menstrual cycle.
13. Describe how serotonin influences emotional well-being.
Serotonin is responsible for the production of red blood cells.
Serotonin primarily controls muscle contractions.
Serotonin helps regulate mood and emotional states, contributing
to feelings of happiness and well-being.
Serotonin directly affects the body's immune response.
