Biology Key Concept Cell
Structure, Biochemical Molecules,
and Organism Hierarchy
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, Hierarchy of biological organization Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism → Organ
system → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Organelle → Molecule → Atom
Characteristics of all cells Cells have a membrane and contain DNA
Prokaryotic cell Small cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cell Large cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Negative feedback Output reduces the initial stimulus
Positive feedback Output increases the initial stimulus
Domains of life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Eukaryotic kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
Controlled experiment Experiment where only one variable is changed
Element Pure substance with one type of atom
Compound Two or more elements chemically combined
Major elements of life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Atomic number Number of protons in an atom
Mass number Protons plus neutrons
Isotope Same element with different numbers of neutrons
Nonpolar covalent bond Equal sharing of electrons