EXAM PREP
Portage Learning A&P I
Final Exam
Complete Chapters Solutions Manual are
Included
** Final Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers | Grade A+
** Guaranteed Pass
** Updated | New Version
,Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
words. aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or
bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering into the
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during lungs.
swallowing. Why?
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Oropharynx
Label the following five items from the diagram: B - Oral Cavity
Label B- ___________ D - Epiglottis
Label D- __________ E - Glottis
Label E- __________ F - Trachea
Label F- __________ G - Esophagus
Label G- __________
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
bronchial tree are:
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which
(excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess
gastric/stomach ulcers. acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can lead to
those ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid.
Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the 3. Stomach
following 5 organs of the digestive system. 4. Gallbladder
To receive credit for the intestines you must label the 7. Jejunum
specific region. 9. Appendix
3: ___________ 10. Rectum
4: ___________
7: ___________
9: ___________
10: ___________
,Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete gastric
words. juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive activity; also,
Answer the following essay question: parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells secrete te enzymes
pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their
location, secretions and purposes. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete
hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of
the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the
activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in
the activation of pepsin.
Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by
the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive
pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which
begins the breakdown of proteins.
Label the following bones of the skeleton from the 1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses
figure below: 3: Maxilla
1: ____________ 5: Vomer
3:____________ 7: Maxilla
5:____________ 8: Mandible
7: ____________
8: ____________
Label the bones in the figure below: A. Pisiform
A: ____________ B. Hamate
B: ____________ C. Capitate
C: ____________ D. Trapezoid
D: ____________ E. Trapezium
E: _____________
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your (1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the
own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone tissue degenerates faster than it is replaced making the bones weak,
bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer. causing increased pain, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle.
(2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts, which
are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be unable to
keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the
process that included the osteoblasts that take the calcium from the blood.
, Label the following five muscles: B: Temporalis
C: Orbicularis oculi
B: _____________ E: Zygomaticus major
C: _____________ G: Buccinator
E: _____________ J: Depressor labii inferioris
G: _____________
J: ______________
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) F. B&D
occurs?
A. Elbow extension
B. Wrist extension
C. Extension of digit 1
D. Extension of digits 2-5
E. A&C
F. B&D
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their Yes, the textbook stated that both the male and female bodies produce “all”
bloodstream? Explain why or why not. the sex hormones; however, the ratios are different; also, the adrenal glands
are largely responsible for producing this “opposite” hormone that the
gonads of the person does not.
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement ADH
below:
I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting
ducts of the kidneys.
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement Insulin
below:
I am secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.
Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary
during an iodine deficiency? gland continues to produce TSH; so, the thyroid reacts by increasing in size
and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is ineffective because active
thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.
A- Identify the sensory cell receptor highlighted in A) Pacinian corpuscle
blue, below, also indicated by the arrow. B) Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor)
B- What sensory information is detected by this type of
receptor?
Portage Learning A&P I
Final Exam
Complete Chapters Solutions Manual are
Included
** Final Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers | Grade A+
** Guaranteed Pass
** Updated | New Version
,Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off and prevent
words. aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or
bolus into the esophagus; and, preventing these things from entering into the
Explain what happens to the epiglottis during lungs.
swallowing. Why?
Air and food pass in which one of the following areas: Oropharynx
Label the following five items from the diagram: B - Oral Cavity
Label B- ___________ D - Epiglottis
Label D- __________ E - Glottis
Label E- __________ F - Trachea
Label F- __________ G - Esophagus
Label G- __________
From widest to narrowest, the branches of the Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles
bronchial tree are:
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which
(excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess
gastric/stomach ulcers. acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can lead to
those ulcers.
Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid.
Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining.
Look carefully at the diagram below. Label the 3. Stomach
following 5 organs of the digestive system. 4. Gallbladder
To receive credit for the intestines you must label the 7. Jejunum
specific region. 9. Appendix
3: ___________ 10. Rectum
4: ___________
7: ___________
9: ___________
10: ___________
,Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete gastric
words. juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive activity; also,
Answer the following essay question: parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells secrete te enzymes
pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their
location, secretions and purposes. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete
hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of
the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the
activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in
the activation of pepsin.
Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by
the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive
pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which
begins the breakdown of proteins.
Label the following bones of the skeleton from the 1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses
figure below: 3: Maxilla
1: ____________ 5: Vomer
3:____________ 7: Maxilla
5:____________ 8: Mandible
7: ____________
8: ____________
Label the bones in the figure below: A. Pisiform
A: ____________ B. Hamate
B: ____________ C. Capitate
C: ____________ D. Trapezoid
D: ____________ E. Trapezium
E: _____________
A patient has a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (1) In your (1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the
own words, describe this diagnosis and (2) What type of bone tissue degenerates faster than it is replaced making the bones weak,
bone cell would they be lacking? Explain your answer. causing increased pain, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle.
(2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of osteoblasts, which
are responsible for bone repair; also, the bone repair would be unable to
keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the
process that included the osteoblasts that take the calcium from the blood.
, Label the following five muscles: B: Temporalis
C: Orbicularis oculi
B: _____________ E: Zygomaticus major
C: _____________ G: Buccinator
E: _____________ J: Depressor labii inferioris
G: _____________
J: ______________
When extensor digitorum contracts, what action(s) F. B&D
occurs?
A. Elbow extension
B. Wrist extension
C. Extension of digit 1
D. Extension of digits 2-5
E. A&C
F. B&D
Would you expect a male to have estrogen in their Yes, the textbook stated that both the male and female bodies produce “all”
bloodstream? Explain why or why not. the sex hormones; however, the ratios are different; also, the adrenal glands
are largely responsible for producing this “opposite” hormone that the
gonads of the person does not.
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement ADH
below:
I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting
ducts of the kidneys.
List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement Insulin
below:
I am secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.
Explain in detail why the thyroid becomes enlarged When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the anterior pituitary
during an iodine deficiency? gland continues to produce TSH; so, the thyroid reacts by increasing in size
and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is ineffective because active
thyroxin cannot be produced without iodine.
A- Identify the sensory cell receptor highlighted in A) Pacinian corpuscle
blue, below, also indicated by the arrow. B) Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor)
B- What sensory information is detected by this type of
receptor?
