NU 578 Unit 3 Exam ( Update)
University Of South Alabama, Questions &
Answers (Verified Answers) | Complete A+ Guide
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Original Graduate-Level Practice Exam
Advanced Nursing Pharmacology (FNP/Graduate
Level)
Questions 1–25
Note: These are original practice questions designed to assess
graduate-level clinical reasoning. They are not copied from any
university exam or commercial study guide.
Question 1
A 62-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes has a
BP of 152/94 mmHg despite lifestyle modifications. Laboratory
studies reveal a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 180 mg/g
and an eGFR of 72 mL/min/1.73 m². Which medication is the
most appropriate initial therapy?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
,C. Amlodipine
D. Metoprolol
Answer: B. Lisinopril
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are recommended for patients with
hypertension and albuminuria because they reduce
intraglomerular pressure, slow diabetic kidney disease
progression, and lower cardiovascular risk.
Question 2
A patient taking lisinopril develops persistent dry cough after
four weeks. Which medication provides similar renal and
cardiovascular benefits while minimizing this adverse effect?
A. Losartan
B. Verapamil
C. Hydralazine
D. Clonidine
Answer: A. Losartan
Rationale: ARBs provide comparable renal protection without
increasing bradykinin, making cough much less common.
Question 3
A patient with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
(HFrEF) develops worsening lower-extremity edema and
dyspnea. Which medication offers the fastest symptomatic relief?
,A. Carvedilol
B. Furosemide
C. Enalapril
D. Spironolactone
Answer: B. Furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretics rapidly reduce fluid overload and
improve symptoms but do not improve long-term survival.
Question 4
Which adverse electrolyte abnormality is most commonly
associated with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase urinary potassium loss,
predisposing patients to hypokalemia and arrhythmias.
Question 5
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be
monitored most closely for:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
, C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Aldosterone antagonists decrease potassium excretion
and can cause clinically significant hyperkalemia.
Question 6
A patient presents with stable exertional angina. Which
medication is recommended for immediate relief of chest
discomfort?
A. Isosorbide mononitrate
B. Nitroglycerin sublingual
C. Atenolol
D. Ranolazine
Answer: B. Nitroglycerin sublingual
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin has a rapid onset and is first-
line for acute anginal episodes.
Question 7
Which instruction should the nurse practitioner provide
regarding sublingual nitroglycerin?
A. Swallow immediately.
B. Store in a weekly pill organizer.
University Of South Alabama, Questions &
Answers (Verified Answers) | Complete A+ Guide
Original Graduate-Level Practice Exam
Advanced Nursing Pharmacology (FNP/Graduate
Level)
Questions 1–25
Note: These are original practice questions designed to assess
graduate-level clinical reasoning. They are not copied from any
university exam or commercial study guide.
Question 1
A 62-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes has a
BP of 152/94 mmHg despite lifestyle modifications. Laboratory
studies reveal a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 180 mg/g
and an eGFR of 72 mL/min/1.73 m². Which medication is the
most appropriate initial therapy?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
,C. Amlodipine
D. Metoprolol
Answer: B. Lisinopril
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are recommended for patients with
hypertension and albuminuria because they reduce
intraglomerular pressure, slow diabetic kidney disease
progression, and lower cardiovascular risk.
Question 2
A patient taking lisinopril develops persistent dry cough after
four weeks. Which medication provides similar renal and
cardiovascular benefits while minimizing this adverse effect?
A. Losartan
B. Verapamil
C. Hydralazine
D. Clonidine
Answer: A. Losartan
Rationale: ARBs provide comparable renal protection without
increasing bradykinin, making cough much less common.
Question 3
A patient with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
(HFrEF) develops worsening lower-extremity edema and
dyspnea. Which medication offers the fastest symptomatic relief?
,A. Carvedilol
B. Furosemide
C. Enalapril
D. Spironolactone
Answer: B. Furosemide
Rationale: Loop diuretics rapidly reduce fluid overload and
improve symptoms but do not improve long-term survival.
Question 4
Which adverse electrolyte abnormality is most commonly
associated with loop diuretics?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Loop diuretics increase urinary potassium loss,
predisposing patients to hypokalemia and arrhythmias.
Question 5
A patient taking spironolactone for heart failure should be
monitored most closely for:
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
, C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Aldosterone antagonists decrease potassium excretion
and can cause clinically significant hyperkalemia.
Question 6
A patient presents with stable exertional angina. Which
medication is recommended for immediate relief of chest
discomfort?
A. Isosorbide mononitrate
B. Nitroglycerin sublingual
C. Atenolol
D. Ranolazine
Answer: B. Nitroglycerin sublingual
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin has a rapid onset and is first-
line for acute anginal episodes.
Question 7
Which instruction should the nurse practitioner provide
regarding sublingual nitroglycerin?
A. Swallow immediately.
B. Store in a weekly pill organizer.
