UK BIO 315 Exam 2026/2027 |
Comprehensive Exam Review | Study
Notes & Practice Test
Properties of a cell - correct answer--highly complex/ organized
-genetic program and means to use it
-need organic compounds to generate essential macromolecules
-dependent on H2O makes up more than 70% of the cell
-capable of producing more of themselves
-acquire and utilize energy
-carry out variety of chemical reactions
-engage in mechanical activities
-die and regenerate fast to make new cells
-respond to stimuli
-self regulation
-evolve
brightfield microscope (unstained) - correct answer--Pass light directly through
specimen
,-little contrast
-illuminates the specimen with a bright background
brightfield microscope (stained) - correct answer-Enhances contrast, but cells
must be fixed (preserved)
Phase contrast - correct answer-Enhances contrast in unstained cells by
amplifying variations in refractive index within specimen; especially useful for
examining live, unpigmented cells
differential interference contrast - correct answer-Used optical modifications to
exaggerate differences in refractive index
Fluorescence - correct answer-Shoes the locations of specific molecules in the cell
Confocal - correct answer-Uses lasers and special optics to focus illuminating
beam ON A SINGLE PLANE WITHIN THE SPECIMEN
light microscope - correct answer-Uses refraction of light rays to magnify an
object
Magnification - correct answer--the increase of an object's apparent size by using
lenses or mirrors
-dependent on object and ocular lens strength
Magnification example - correct answer-Objective lens (25x) ocular lens (5x) what
is total magnification? 125x
, Resolution (d) - correct answer-The minimum distance at which two points can be
discriminated. The smaller the d, the greater the resolution.
Resolution formula - correct answer-d= ((0.61)(wavelength))/(n(sin)(alpha)))
numerical aperture - correct answer-A measure of the light-gathering qualities of
a lens
Numerical aperture formula - correct answer-The denominator of the resolution
formula
Alpha - correct answer-The light coming through
How could you maximize resolution of an object observed? - correct answer-
Decrease wavelength and increase resolution
If angular aperture is 75, what is the resolution of your scope using white light
(527nm) in air (n=1) - correct answer-d= ((0.61)(527))/ 1sin(75) = 333nm
If angular aperture is 75, what is the resolution of your scope using light with
wavelength of 450? - correct answer-d=((0.61)(450))/1sin(75) = 284.2 this would
give better resolution
Which would have the worst resolution? Blue light has shorter wavelength than
red light.
A. Blue light and 1.5 NA
Comprehensive Exam Review | Study
Notes & Practice Test
Properties of a cell - correct answer--highly complex/ organized
-genetic program and means to use it
-need organic compounds to generate essential macromolecules
-dependent on H2O makes up more than 70% of the cell
-capable of producing more of themselves
-acquire and utilize energy
-carry out variety of chemical reactions
-engage in mechanical activities
-die and regenerate fast to make new cells
-respond to stimuli
-self regulation
-evolve
brightfield microscope (unstained) - correct answer--Pass light directly through
specimen
,-little contrast
-illuminates the specimen with a bright background
brightfield microscope (stained) - correct answer-Enhances contrast, but cells
must be fixed (preserved)
Phase contrast - correct answer-Enhances contrast in unstained cells by
amplifying variations in refractive index within specimen; especially useful for
examining live, unpigmented cells
differential interference contrast - correct answer-Used optical modifications to
exaggerate differences in refractive index
Fluorescence - correct answer-Shoes the locations of specific molecules in the cell
Confocal - correct answer-Uses lasers and special optics to focus illuminating
beam ON A SINGLE PLANE WITHIN THE SPECIMEN
light microscope - correct answer-Uses refraction of light rays to magnify an
object
Magnification - correct answer--the increase of an object's apparent size by using
lenses or mirrors
-dependent on object and ocular lens strength
Magnification example - correct answer-Objective lens (25x) ocular lens (5x) what
is total magnification? 125x
, Resolution (d) - correct answer-The minimum distance at which two points can be
discriminated. The smaller the d, the greater the resolution.
Resolution formula - correct answer-d= ((0.61)(wavelength))/(n(sin)(alpha)))
numerical aperture - correct answer-A measure of the light-gathering qualities of
a lens
Numerical aperture formula - correct answer-The denominator of the resolution
formula
Alpha - correct answer-The light coming through
How could you maximize resolution of an object observed? - correct answer-
Decrease wavelength and increase resolution
If angular aperture is 75, what is the resolution of your scope using white light
(527nm) in air (n=1) - correct answer-d= ((0.61)(527))/ 1sin(75) = 333nm
If angular aperture is 75, what is the resolution of your scope using light with
wavelength of 450? - correct answer-d=((0.61)(450))/1sin(75) = 284.2 this would
give better resolution
Which would have the worst resolution? Blue light has shorter wavelength than
red light.
A. Blue light and 1.5 NA
